到最近或过去的某个时间点一直在进行的事情可以用过去完成进行时,到过去的某个时间点已经完成的事情用过去完成时。例:
例:I'd been finishing some work in the garden when Lea arrived, so I didn't hear her come in. (Lea到的时候我正在工作收尾,活儿还没干完,所以要用过去完成进行时,不能用过去完成时I'd finished...)
有些情况下过去完成进行时和过去完成时的意思是相同的,可以互换。
例: I'd been working/I'd worked hard all year, so I felt that I deserved a holiday.
一直到过去的某个时间点前的一段时期内重复发生的行为,用过去完成时而不是过去完成进行时。
例:I had stayed in the hotel twice in the 1990s. (不能用I had been staying in the hotel twice...)
过去完成进行时可以用来讲述过去某个时间点前持续发生的情况或进行的行为,并且是以下三种情况之一:a)到该时间点完成,b) 继续进行,c)该时间点不久前完成。
例:We'd been driving for about an hour when the engine suddenly stopped.
如果对行为持续的时长不感兴趣,则可以用过去进行时替代过去完成进行时。
例:A friend told me about a conversation she'd recently overheard. Two women were discussing their holiday plans...(朋友听到了两个女人在讨论假日计划,讨论了多久并不重要)
英语里面不会用任何进行时态描述一种状态,即使强调状态持续的时间,也要用过去完成时而非过去完成进行时
例:We had only owned the car for six weeks when the clutch broke. (不能用We had been owning the car for six weeks.)
过去完成进行时多见于书面,口语里很少用到。
例:Carl Sims had been climbing alone near the Harz Waterfall, which has claimed many lives in the past.
过去进行时是表示过去的某个具体时间发生的动作,比如
I was wathcing TV at three yesterday afternoon.昨天下午三点我在看电视
过去完成时表示发生动作发生在 “过去的过去”,比如
He had lived in Shanghai for 3 years before he came to Beijing 在来北京之前,他在上海住了三年.
来北京 已经是发生在过去的动作 在上海居住发生在来北京之前,所以是发生在过去的过去,句子使用过去完成式 由 had+动词的过去分词 构成。
过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night,last Saturday等;或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。
例句
1)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
2)What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态持续到过去某个时刻还未完成一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
组成结构
主语 +had+been +doing something
时态用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿她妹妹就打断她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.
我正在睡觉时我的朋友给我打电话。