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西门子变频器参数设置的探讨本文从控制方式的选择、加减速时间调整和转动惯量设置等方面对西门子micromaster440变频器的参数设置进行了简单的探讨。实际上,该变频器的设置有几千个,只有系统地、合适地、准确地设置参数才能充分利用变频器性能。引言近十多年来,随着大规模集成电路、计算机控制技术以及现代控制理论的发展,特别是矢量控制技术的应用,使得交流变频调速技术逐步具备了宽调速范围、高稳速精度、快动态响应,以及在四象限作可逆运行等良好的技术性能,调速特性可与直流电气传动相媲美。在交流调速技术中,由于变频调速的调速性能与可靠性等性能在不断完善,价格也在不断降低,特别是它的节电效果明显,实现交流电机调速极为方便,因此,在一切需要速度控制的场合,变频器以其操作方便、体积小、控制性能高而获得广泛的应用。变频器在使用中出现的一些问题,很多情况下都是因为变频器参数设置不当引起的。西门子micromaster440变频器可设置的参数有几千个,只有系统地、合适地、准确地设置参数才能充分利用变频器性能。1、控制方式选择变频器控制方式的选择由负荷的力矩特性所决定,电动机的机械负载转矩特性根据下列关系式决定:p=tn/9550式中:p--电动机功率(kw)t--转矩(n·m)n--转速(r/min)转矩t与转速n的关系根据负载种类大体可分为3种。(1)即使速度变化转矩也不大变化的恒转矩负载,此类负载如传送带、起重机、挤压机、压缩机等。(2)随着转速的降低,转矩按转速的平方减小的负载。此类负载如风机、各种液体泵等。(3)转速越高,转矩越小的恒功率负载。此类负载如轧机、机床主轴、卷取机等。变频器提供的控制方式有v/f控制、矢量控制、力矩控制。v/f控制中有线性v/f控制、抛物线特性v/f控制。将变频器参数p1300设为0,变频器工作于线性v/f控制方式,将使调速时的磁通与励磁电流基本不变。适用于工作转速不在低频段的一般恒转矩调速对象。将p1300设为2,变频器工作于抛物线特性v/f控制方式,这种方式适用于风机、水泵类负载。这类负载的轴功率n近似地与转速n的3次方成正比。其转矩m近似地与转速n的平方成正比。对于这种负载,如果变频器的v/f特性是线性关系,则低速时电机的许用转矩远大于负载转矩,从而造成功率因数和效率的严重下降。为了适应这种负载的需要,使电压随着输出频率的减小以平方关系减小,从而减小电机的磁通和励磁电流,使功率因数保持在适当的范围内。可以进一步通过设置参数使v/f控制曲线适合负载特性。将p1312在0至250之间设置合适的值,具有起动提升功能。将低频时的输出电压相对于线性的v/f曲线作适当的提高以补偿在低频时定子电阻引起的压降导致电机转矩减小的问题。适用于大起动转矩的调速对象。变频器v/f控制方式驱动电机时,在某些频率段,电机的电流、转速会发生振荡,严重时系统无法运行,甚至在加速过程中出现过电流保护,使得电机不能正常启动,在电机轻载或转矩惯量较小时更为严重。可以根据系统出现振荡的频率点,在v/f曲线上设置跳转点及跳转频带宽度,当电机加速时可以自动跳过这些频率段,保证系统能够正常运行。从p1091至p1094可以设定4个不同的跳转点,设置p1101确定跳转频带宽度。有些负载在特定的频率下需要电机提供特定的转矩,用可编程的v/f控制对应设置变频器参数即可得到所需控制曲线。设置p1320、p1322、p1324确定可编程的v/f特性频率座标,对应的p1321、p1323、p1325为可编程的v/f特性电压座标。参数p1300设置为20,变频器工作于矢量控制。这种控制相对完善,调速范围宽,低速范围起动力矩高,精度高达0.01%,响应很快,高精度调速都采用svpwm矢量控制方式。参数p1300设置为22,变频器工作于矢量转矩控制。这种控制方式是目前国际上最先进的控制方式,其他方式是模拟直流电动机的参数,进行保角变换而进行调节控制的,矢量转矩控制是直接取交流电动机参数进行控制,控制简单,精确度高。2、快速调试在使用变频器驱动电机前,必须进行快速调试。参数p0010设为1、p3900设为1,变频器进行快速调试,快速调试完成后,进行了必要
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