washington的英文人物介绍

2025-02-22 18:05:02

推荐回答（4个）

回答1：

27.乔治·华盛顿

〔美〕迈克尔·H·哈特著苏世军周宇译

公元1732～公元1799

乔治·华盛顿1732年生于美国弗吉尼亚的威克弗尔德庄园。他是一位富有的种植园主之子，二十岁时继承了一笔可观的财产。1753年到1758年期间华盛顿在军中服役，积极参加了法国人同印第安人之间的战争，从而获得了军事经验和威望；1758年解甲回到弗吉尼亚，不久便与一位带有四个孩子的富孀——玛莎·丹德利居·卡斯蒂斯结了婚（他没有亲生子女）。

华盛顿在随后的十五年中经营自己的家产，表现出了非凡的才能，1774年他被选为弗吉尼亚的一位代表去参加第一届大陆会议时，就已经成为美国殖民地中最大的富翁之一了。华盛顿不是一位主张独立的先驱者，但是1775年6月的第二届大陆会议（他是一位代表）却一致推选他来统率大陆部队。他军事经验丰富，家产万贯，闻名遐迩；他外貌英俊，体魄健壮（身高6英尺2时），指挥才能卓越，尤其他那坚韧不拔的性格使他成为统帅的理所当然的人选。在整个战争期间，他忠诚效劳，分文不取，廉洁奉公，堪称楷模。

华盛顿于1775年6月开始统率大陆军队，到1797年3月第二届总统任期期满，他的最有意义的贡献就是在这期间取得的。1799年12月在弗吉尼亚的温恩山，他在家中病逝。

首先，他在美国独立战争中是一位成功的军事领袖。但事实上他决非是一位军事天才，当然也决不能与亚历山大和凯撒一类的将军相提并论。他的成功至少有一半是由于同他对垒的英军将领的出人意料的无能，另一半才是由于他自己的才能。但是应记住几位其他美国将领均遭惨败，而华盛顿虽说打了几个小败仗而最终却赢得了战争的胜利。

其次，华盛顿是立宪会议主席。虽然他的思想对美国宪法的形成没有起重要的作用，但是他的支持者和他的名望对各州批准这部宪法却起了重大的作用。当时有一股强大的力量在反对新宪法，要不是华盛顿的影响，很难说这部宪法能实行得了。

再其次，华盛顿是美国第一任总统。美国有一位华盛顿这样德才兼备的人作为第一任总统是幸运的。翻开南美和非洲各国的历史，我们可以看到即使是一个以民主宪法为伊始的新国家，堕落成为军事专制国家也是易如反掌。华盛顿是一位坚定的领袖，他保持了国家的统一，但是却无永远把持政权的野心，既不想做国王，又不想当独裁者。他开创了主动让权的先例——一个至今美国仍然奉行的先例。

与当时的其他美国领袖如托马斯·杰弗逊、詹姆斯·麦迪逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿等相比，乔治·华盛顿缺乏创新的精神和深刻的思想。但是他比所有这些雄才大略的人物都重要得多，无论在战争还是和平期间，他在行政领导方面都起着至关重要的作用，没有他任何政治运动都不会达到目的。对美国的形成，麦迪逊的贡献是重大的，而华盛顿的贡献几乎可以说是不可缺少的。

乔治·华盛顿在本册中的位置在很大程度上取决于人们怎样认识他给美国所带来的历史意义。要求一个当今的美国人对那种历史意义做出不偏不倚的评价自然是困难的。

虽然美国在二十世纪中叶具有甚至比鼎盛时期的罗马帝国还要大的军事力量和政治影响，但是其政权也许不会象罗马帝国那样行之久远。另一方面，美国所取得的技术成就有几项将来也会被其他民族视为有重大意义的，这一点看来是有目共睹的。例如飞机的发明和人类在月球上的登陆就代表了过去世世代代人们梦寐以求的成果；很难想象核武器的发明将来会被看成是无足轻重的成就。

既然乔治·华盛顿大体上可以和罗马的奥古斯都·凯撒相媲美，在本册中把他与奥古斯都排得很接近似乎不无道理。如果说把华盛顿排得略低了一点儿，那主要是因为他比奥古斯都领导的时间要短得多，还有许多其他人如托马斯·杰弗逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊对美国的形成也起了重要的作用。但是华盛顿比亚历山大大帝和拿破仑这样的人物排得高些，因为他的功劳比起他们的来说是更加不可磨灭的。

回答2：

大家看清楚...人家要的是华盛顿的英文资料....(来源美国白宫官方网站)

George Washington

On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. "As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent," he wrote James Madison, "it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles."

Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman.

He pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. At 16 he helped survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The next year, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him.

From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But like his fellow planters, Washington felt himself exploited by British merchants and hampered by British regulations. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restrictions.

When the Second Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in May 1775, Washington, one of the Virginia delegates, was elected Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. On July 3, 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years.

He realized early that the best strategy was to harass the British. He reported to Congress, "we should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn." Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies--he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President

He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger.

To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances.

Washington enjoyed less than three years of retirement at Mount Vernon, for he died of a throat infection December 14, 1799. For months the Nation mourned him.

回答3：

乔治·华盛顿

回答4：

华盛顿

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