推荐回答(2个)
润滑油=基础油+稠化剂+添加剂,其中基础油是润滑脂的主要成分,稠化剂的作用就好比海绵,润滑是靠基础油。在使用过程中要注意润滑脂的状况,如果出现漏油要及时进行处理。基础油流失导致润滑脂不能提供足够的润滑保护,设备容易造成磨损。润滑脂在使用中流失的原因主要有,化学原因、物理因素及杂质引起。
化学原因:
由于在磨擦润滑部位受热及周围气体的影响,基础油和稠化剂被氧化,导致润滑脂的皂结构被破坏,使用中出现软化流失。因此对润滑脂使用的周围环境进行排查,看是否靠近热源,检查是否有特殊化学物质的存在导致润滑脂受到影响。
物理原因:
受到剪切:由于磨擦部位的运转,润滑脂不断受到剪切应力的影响,使皂结构受到破坏,软化流失。
杂质原因:零部件磨损过程中产生的磨屑,这些金属粉能加速润滑脂的氧化产生有机酸,从而破坏脂的结构,造成润滑脂失效。
润滑脂选用不当:润滑脂不能满足当前的使用工况,在选择润滑脂时,不但要考虑设备说明书的要求,而且还要考虑实际条件,如当地的最低温、最高温、设备运行中的温度、负载、转速、尺寸、是否有水、环境是否肮脏等,正确选择润滑脂。
润滑脂受到污染:润滑脂受到水或者其它杂质的污染,特别要注意的是润滑脂之间发生了混合。在使用中避免混用润滑脂,在换油时要注意把旧油清除干净。
环境因素:
润滑部位所处的环境和所接触的介质对润滑脂的性能有极大影响,因此在选择润滑脂时,应慎重考虑。潮湿或易与水接触的部位,不宜选择钠基润滑脂,甚至可以不选用锂基润滑脂。因为钠基润滑脂抗水性较差,遇水容易变稀流失和乳化。有些部位用锂基脂也无法满足要求,如立式水泵的轴承可以说是经常浸泡在水中的,用锂基脂也发生乳化,寿命很短,轴承很容易损坏。在这样的部位应当选用抗水性良好的复合铝基润滑脂或脲基润滑脂。汽车、拖拉机和坦克底盘,常在潮湿与易与水接触的环境下工作,我国目前多用钙基润滑脂或锂基润滑脂,国外许多选用抗水性能更好的锂-钙基复合脂或脲基润滑脂。
与酸或酸性气体接触的部位,不宜选用锂基脂或复合钙、复合铝、膨润土润滑脂。这些润滑脂遇酸(弱酸)或酸性气体如空气中含微量的HCL,润滑脂会变稀流失,造成轴承防护性不良,容易腐蚀,更为严重的是润滑不良。还有某些印染厂使用活性燃料放出HCL气体,不仅设备造成腐蚀,而且使轴承内的润滑脂很容易变质,这些部位应选用抗酸性能好的复合钡基润滑脂或脲基润滑脂,若是接触强酸或强氧化介质,则应使用全氟润滑脂。
同海水或食盐水接触的部位,应当选用复合铝基脂;同天然橡胶或油漆接触的部位,应避免选用酯类油尤其是双酯类型油为基础油的润滑脂;接触燃料油类或石油基润滑油类介质的部位应选用特种的如7903号耐油润滑脂;同甲醇相接触的也应选用专用的润滑脂如耐甲醇润滑脂等等
使用的润滑脂耐高温性能没有达到设备要求,熔化流失。
好的润滑脂一般会选择合成基础油,合成烃、酯类甚至硅油、氟油。其热稳定性和氧化稳定性都会好的多,寿命延长。
常用的耐高温润滑脂型号有
(1)虎头hotolube的全合成长效高温脂,300度;虎头hotolube的全合成超高温脂和超高温防卡脂,1300度;
(2)博士的hs201,260度;
(3)克虏伯的hp260,1100度。
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