推荐回答(1个)
初唐著名诗人宋之问,诗才一流,为近体律诗定型做出了很大的贡献,但是对一个诗人来说,品格似乎总是要比诗才更重要,古人说“先器识而后文艺”就是这个道理。宋之问在历史上名声很差,皆因世人认为其品行恶劣,为人不齿。然而,纵观宋之问的一生,他不过是一个屡屡卷入政治漩涡的牺牲品,活得很累也很可怜。
宋之问弱冠知名,善五言诗,“无能出其右者”,20岁中进士,有幸登临“龙门”进入宫廷做了一名文学侍从。宋之问自恃才华出众、仪表堂堂,他第一个刻意接近的对象竟是武则天,他写诗向武则天自荐当男宠,武则天却对他避而远之。因为武则天听说他有口臭。宋之问羞愧不已,从此暗含丁香,以除臭味。
宋之问还算有自知之明,他很快转向依附武则天的“男宠”张易之。张易之让宋之问捉笔写了不少诗献给武则天,讨她欢心。这期间,宋之问做的最无骨气的事,就是为张易之“捧溺器”,要说这提尿壶的勾当,自有下人去做,宋诗人却抢着去做,有辱斯文不说,还留下千古笑柄,实在不值。
不久,宰相张柬之、太子典膳郎王同皎等人逼武则天退位,张易之被杀,宋之问被贬到泷州(今广东罗定县)任参军。昔日的荣华富贵历历在目,被冷落的滋味是那样难受,不甘心的他第二年就偷偷潜回洛阳,躲在友人王同皎的家中,王同皎是安定公主的'驸马,当时武三思权势嚣张,他不想让大唐江山落入武三思之手,就密谋他人诛杀武三思。
此事被宋之问知道后,指使侄子向武三思告密,结果王同皎等人被斩首,他宋之问当然得到了武三思的赏识,被提拔为鸿胪主簿,由此,宋之问也背上了“卖友求荣”的骂名,“深为义士所讥”、“天下丑其行”。现在学者当中有一种意见,认为当时的告密者不是宋之问,而是其弟宋之退。但王同皎被杀后,宋之问马上升官了,这是一个事实,所以在告密一事上,宋之问很难逃脱干系。
然而,武三思好景也不长,公元707年7月,太子李重俊与大将军李多祚发兵杀死武三思,宋之问的又一棵大树倒了,他见太平公主势力很大,就去投靠太平公主。当时,唐中宗之女安乐公主也是权势炙热,两相比较,他觉得还是安乐公主更有前途,于是又转向巴结安乐公主,对此,太平公主极为不满。一次,唐中宗想提拔宋之问当中书舍人,太平公主趁机参了他一本,揭发了他的受贿丑行。于是,宋之问被贬为越州(今绍兴)长史。
这次打击让他清醒过来,体会到了政治斗争的诡秘和个人宠辱的无常,他开始反省自己,访察民生,“颇自力为政”,总之,他想做一个问心无愧的好官,而与此同时,他的诗歌风格也有了极大的改变。第一次被贬,他写下了“近乡情更怯,不敢问来人”这样的好诗,这次被贬,他又写下了“山雨初含露,江方欲变霞。但令归有日,不敢恨长沙”这样的佳句,以致他的诗“流布京师,人人传讽”。
诗人仿佛看到了另一个新生的自己,但就在此时,又一次宫廷政变突然而至,断送了他的人生。太平公主与安乐公主之争,最终以安乐公主被杀而结束,宋之问的后台再次倒掉,他曾经依附张易之、武三思的旧事被揪出来,老账新账一起算的结果,是他被流放钦州。两年后,唐玄宗李隆基即位,将他赐死,终年约56岁。
宋之问的最大悲剧,就是他本不适合官场,却偏要混迹于官场,他有一颗敏感的诗心,却无政治的敏感,以致每次关键时刻,他都站错了队。
宋之问曾写过一首诗《题张老松树》,其中有一句是“百尺无寸枝,一生自孤直”,显然不是自诩,他还没厚颜无耻到那种地步,也许,诗人也清楚自己就像一棵藤萝,做人很失败,所以对那种孤直如松的高节之人,特别敬慕吧。
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