随着对历史的深入了解,现在怎么好多人对张学良贬低,对张作霖赞扬呢?
推荐回答(1个)
张作霖自幼出身贫苦农家,参加过中日甲午战争,后投身绿林,势力壮大,清政府无力征剿,就将其招安。张作霖协助清廷剿灭杜立三等土匪势力,后又消除蒙患,维护国家统一,逐步提升,先后担任奉天督军、东三省巡阅使等,号称“东北王”,成为北洋军奉系首领。成立东三省陆军整理处。与孙中山、段祺瑞及卢永祥结成同盟。第二次直奉战争胜利后,张作霖打进北京,任陆海军大元帅,代表中华民国行使统治权,成为国家最高统治者。在位期间曾多次抵制日本人的拉拢,拒绝签订卖国条约。

对张作霖和张学良这对父子的评价,历来争议繁多,当代社会也是如此。因其受益人群不同而不同,这也是历史常被形容成为“任人打扮的小姑娘”根本原因。随着当年受益人群逐渐退出历史舞台和更多的史料被披露出来,历史人物的真实面貌才逐渐呈现在普通民众面前。人们对待历史人物的看法和观点自然而然的发生了转变,不足为奇也不足为怪。如今对他们父子二人的历史评价,“老子英雄儿混蛋!”似乎已经成为了普遍的共识?张作霖出身微末,又恰逢乱世,能成为一代枭雄称霸一方已实属不易。更难能可贵之处,内保一方百姓平安不失法度,外拒日俄强敌而能不丧权辱国。从历史的角度来看都是非常了不起的。国父孙中山对其评价说:“雨亭(张作霖)把东三省治理得很好,不过外有日本掣肘,处境也很难。如果国家统一了,建立革命的中央政府,地方的事就好办多了。”

从现代观点来看对他的负面评价如今也显然有失公允,十分偏颇。即便是在他身上争议最大的事件,李大钊被害这件事来看。排除政治因素孰是孰非不说,仅在当时军阀混战的时代背景下,仍能进行军法会审,通过法律途径解决为其定罪,已是不一般。可见这个没什么文化的人物却有着超凡的远见卓识,具有一定朴素的法制精神。曾被誉为民国四公子的张学良争议比他老子更多。其私生活一派为花花公子的作风,鸦片、可卡因、女明星无所不好,可谓是声色犬马快意人生。当然这种评价,毕竟是不同时代的人,道德观念还是有所不同。就像我们无法刻薄的的用现在的婚姻观念去评说其父张作霖的几房姨太太一样。但对于张学良争议最多的是他到底是爱国还是误国。这与他的父亲不同的是,在张作霖身上爱国精神并不明显,但其身上的民族气节从对待日本和俄国的态度看,表现的淋漓尽致可歌可泣。这一点上张学良显然不及其父。他一直到晚年一直口口声声说自己爱国,可是当日本人入侵东北的时候他自己却跑关内去了。后来他自己也不得不成人不抵抗的命令是自己下的。可见他的爱国之心是不愿承担任何风险的。

至于“东北易帜”向来被人们褒扬的最多,其不知在北阀战争中,奉系大败元气大伤,张作霖已从北平退出,并被日本人炸死,易帜多少有些无奈!西安事变则功不可没,从其晚年移居海外不肯归国一事可窥其内心一二。张学良生于辽宁省鞍山市台安县桓洞镇鄂家村张家窝堡屯(旧称桑子林詹家窝铺),国民革命军将领,奉系军阀首领张作霖的长子,中国近代著名爱国将领。1920年毕业于东三省陆军讲武堂,先于奉系军中担任要职,“皇姑屯事件”之后,他继任为东北保安军总司令,拒绝日本人的拉拢,坚持“东北易帜”,为祖国统一和民族团结做出了贡献。后任中华民国陆海空军副司令,陆军一级上将。西安事变后遭蒋介石父子长期软禁。1990年恢复人身自由,1995年起离台侨居美国夏威夷,2001年10月14日病逝于檀香山,享年101岁。张学良积极主张抗日,反对内战,曾同杨虎城将军一起发动震惊中外的“西安事变”,促成国共二次合作,结成抗日民族统一战线。另外,他风流倜傥,是民国四大美男子之一,人称“少帅”。他和赵四小姐的爱情也成为一段佳话。
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