推荐回答(2个)
经济学中,供求量和供求是两个不同的概念。
供给量是一种产品或服务的供给量,是生产者在某一既定时期内,在某一价格水平上计划必须售出的某种商品的数量。首先,供给量是厂商计划售出的商品数量;其次,供给量是厂商能够售出的商品数量,即它是与需求量相等的供给量。还有,与需求量一样,供给量也用单位时间的数量来衡量,因此供给量是一种流量,是以一定时期来计量的变量。
扩展资料
在现代西方经济学中,和需求与需求量一样,供给和供给量也是不同的概念。
供给则是生产者在各个可能的价格下售出某种商品的数量。因此,供给量和供给的区别是供给表中某一行和整个供给表的区别,或者是供给曲线上某一点和整条供给曲线的区别。供给量的变化在供给表中表现为行与行的变化,在供给曲线上表现为曲线上的点沿着供给曲线移动。供给的变化则是从一个供给表到另一个供给表的变化和整条供给曲线的移动。
影响因素:
上期商品自身的价格
假定其他条件不变,特别是生产要素的成本和其他商品的价格不变,那么某种商品价格高将使单位商品的利润增大。这不但促使原厂商扩大生产,而且还吸引别的厂商转产这种商品,结果这种商品的生产量将增加从而供给量增加。反之,这种商品的供给量将减少。因此,一种商品的供给量是与它的上期价格的高低有关系的。
厂商的目标
商品的供给量取决于厂商的目标。如果厂商把获利置于高于一切的地位,那么能够获得丰厚利润的商品的供给量就增加,只有较少利润的商品的供给量就会减少。
生产技术水平
生产技术水平的提高不但降低了原有商品的生产成本,在其他条件不变的情况下导致这些商品供给量增加,而且它还带来了新的商品,引起了这些新商品供给量的增加和被它替代的那些旧商品的供给量减少。
为了区别商品本身价格和其他因素对商品需求量的影响,微观经济学提出了需求量变动和需求变动两个不同的概念。需求量变动是指:只有商品本身价格变动引起的该商品需求量的变动,其他影响需求量的因素假设不变。在需求曲线上,需求量变动反映为需求曲线上的任何一点在同一条需求曲线上的移动。也就是说,一条需求曲线上的任何一点到该需求曲线上其他各点的移动是需求量变动,它表明当商品本身价格变动时商品的需求量变动。点向左上方移动表明价格上升需求量减少,点向右下方移动表明价格下降需求量增加。需求变动是指:除了商品本身价格以外的其他影响需求量的因素变动引起的该商品需求量的变动,如消费者的货币收入水平、消费者的偏好或其他相关商品的价格等变动引起的该商品需求量的变动。在需求曲线上,需求变动反映为整个需求曲线的移动。也就是说,一条需求曲线从一个位置移动到另一个位置是需求变动,它表明在同一个价格水平上,当除商品本身价格外的其他影响需求量的因素发生变化时商品需求量的变动。需求曲线向右移动表示为需求增加,它表明在同一价格水平上的需求量增加;需求曲线向左移动表示为需求减少,它表明在同一价格水平上的需求量减少。
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