推荐回答(3个)
宫门一入深似海,得宠与得罪仅在须臾之间,一旦得罪,可不仅仅是失宠那么简单,连命都轻易就丢了。所以,在皇宫里当差,真的需要走钢丝的本领。慈禧太后前后有过两个心爱的太监,第一个安德海,因为太过张狂,被大臣找借口杀了。李莲英因此得机会升为大总管,从此50多年恩宠不倦。伴君如伴虎,何况宫里关系错综复杂,谁也说不清哪块云彩底下有雨。李莲英能长盛不衰,除了办事得体外,还有善于处理跟各种人的关系,处处为自己留后路的原因。《宫女谈往录》里,慈禧太后的贴身大丫头荣儿就专门回忆过李莲英的这种为人处世手段。光绪十四年(1888),慈禧钦命七王爷奕譞视察北洋海军,让李莲英陪同。太监当钦差大臣视察海军,在大清朝还是第一次,这是“恩宠”,却也是个麻烦,大清祖制太监不许过问政治,想当年安德海就是奉旨出京被砍头的。临出发前,李莲英把自己的二品顶戴换成了四品顶戴,因祖制太监最高不得过四品。在海船上,他不住给他预备的仅次于七王爷的豪华舱舍。他说:“我怎能跟七王爷、李中堂(李鸿章)比呢?”他坚持住在七王爷的套间里,不和任何官员接触,白天只是在七王爷面前站班伺候,低眉敛目,晚上,预备好热水,要伺候七王爷洗脚,感动得七王爷连连拱手。一趟差事回来,七王爷、李鸿章争着向慈禧称赞。慈禧更喜滋滋的,觉得他给自己露了脸, 争了气,堵住了一班朝臣们的嘴。作为太监大总管,李莲英对手下永远是恩威并用, 暗中维护,所以太监们都服他,也愿意亲近他。 慈禧和光绪不和,对底下做事的人来说就很为难:随着太后的意,处处要得罪皇上;如果太后走得早,等太后百年之后,自己的脑袋就得搬家;如果不顺着太后的意,小命马上就有问题。戊戌变法之后,这种矛盾更明显。李莲英特意安排让另一个大太监崔玉贵得宠,到瀛台监视光绪、把珍妃推到井里,都是崔玉贵干的。李莲英不露痕迹地躲开了这些事,庚子年出逃回銮路上,又对光绪特意尽心,暗暗培养光绪对他的好感。还有,慈禧太后万一哪天宾天,一个当近侍的后台没有了,马上会完蛋,宫廷里头一朝天子一朝臣,用不着时马上踢开。十目所视的李大总管很清醒地估计到这一点,早就有准备,他把历年太后所赏的珍宝,积攒了七大捧盒。慈禧死后100天,他完全献给隆裕皇后。他说:“这是皇家东西,不应该流入到民间。奴才我小心谨慎地替皇家保存了几十年, 现在年老体衰,乞求离开宫廷,所有这些宝物,奉还给主子。”这件事让隆裕十分惑动,所以太后虽死,隆裕对他还是恩眷不衰。他死后,隆裕按大臣的礼恤赏丧葬费2000两白银。离开皇宫后的李莲英就再没出头露面。谁也不知道他住在哪儿,包括他的徒弟们。
李莲英之所以能够和慈禧处得好原因有二一、懂得处理人际关系李莲英虽然日渐走红,成为太后跟前言听计从的大红人,可是他遇事依然谨小慎微,对于一般妃嫔宫娥、女官命妇,有了舛错,惹太后不高兴,他总是尽量替人美言遮盖,曲意回护,所以在太后左右人人对他都有好感。 二、懂得处理政治关系仅仅凭高超的梳头技术,李莲英不会走的太远,能让他几十年受宠如一的重要因素是,他深刻知晓如何处理与上下级的关系。他懂得,政治是一门艺术,玩不好就会翻船,因此无时无刻不小心谨慎、苦心经营。他的处事原则就是“事上以敬,事下以宽”,对待慈禧和皇帝是极尽逢迎,在取悦慈禧的同时,也不忘奉承皇帝,慈禧死后的一百天,他把慈禧赏赐的珠宝系数献给隆裕皇后;宫中善妒,为了保护自己,对待大臣们也是礼遇有加;对待下面的太监,也是比较宽容,恩威并施,收揽了人心。许多年下来,李莲英走的比较稳,跟他在政治上的苦心经营不无关系。
慈禧有个爱好,梳头,她对梳头的太监要求很苛刻,这个李莲英在地下专门拜师,学了很多发型。有一天轮到他了,让李莲英进里边伺候老佛爷,这下他把手艺用上了,慈禧特别满意,李莲英自此开始给他梳头,这边梳头这边给慈禧老佛爷讲个笑话。当然光靠梳头也不行,李莲英别的本事也不小,就见风使舵看人下菜碟看眉眼高低而且不掺和事,谁都知道他是慈禧身边红人,但是李莲英吸取安德海教训,绝不敢事事张扬,跟大臣谦恭结交。 到后来北洋水师建成的时候,当朝的亲王奕寰,同行的还有直隶总督李鸿章北洋大臣一起去,说要慈禧身边有人过去跟着监督,就派李莲英去了,这一道没人敢把李莲英当普通太监,船上三个头等舱,李鸿章一个,奕寰一个,给李莲英单独留一个,这一般的太监那不耀武扬威?李莲英不是,到了这个亲王身边,王爷,我天天在宫里伺候老佛爷,我没机会伺候您,今好容易伺候您,奴才好好伺候您,他就住亲王外面,晚上给王爷端水洗脚,这王爷心里得多高兴。 所以正是慈禧身边有这样的人,了解慈禧,知道慈禧的好恶,不仅能顺着她意思,还能根据她的政治需求帮她办事。
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