英语中的一般过去时与现在完成时有什么区别?
详细一点啦、、
推荐回答(5个)
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如: He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如: Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 3. 两种时态的区分 (1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如: (2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。 看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别? ① Have you seen the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B) [说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。 ② How has he done it?(A) How did he do it?(B) [说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;(B)句单纯的 询问做这件事的方式。 ③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B) [说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
一般过去时强调的是动作,只是说明动作在过去的某个时间发生了。而且已经结束,对现在没有影响。比如,我昨晚吃饭了。 I had supper yesterday. 现在完成时,指动作发生在过去,但是对现在又影响。 比如, i have had lunch. 我吃过午饭了,对现在的影响是,我很饱,不想再吃了。 而且现在完成时还有个用法,就是动作在过去的某个时间发生。一直持续到现在,而且还有可能继续下去、 如:我在中国住了20年了 i have lived in China for 20years. 表示我20年前就在这里了,而且我还要继续住下去。(也有可能现在搬走) 区分它们要注意:: 1. 看他们的时间状语。 过去时和完成时有不同时间状语 2. 看对现在的影响
当然有区别,不过在选择到底用哪个时态你得根据上下文。一般过去式与现在完成时相同点是一件事某人在过去做的,但两者最大的区别在于现在完成时是某人在过去做过的某件事对今天仍有一定的影响!例如:我昨天喝了一杯冰品,但早上却不舒服,那么就得用现在完成时! 同时两个时态的组成结构也不同。一般过去时:S(主语)+did sth. 现在完成时:S+was\were done sth.
求采纳
现在完成时和过去完成时有很多时候是可以根据句型区分的,也就是用错了,语法就错了,这些语法点很多,我就不讲给你听了。 当两个都没有违反语法的时候,如果要区别语义,只要记住,过去时表示的是这件事是以前发生的,现在完成时表示的是,这件事是以前发生的,强调现在没有了,但是对现在造成了影响,说话的人在隐含这个影响。如,he loved me. 他以前爱过我。(就是告诉别人一个事实,没有什么深意。)He has loved me. 他以前是爱我的。(虽然现在不爱了,但是这个事实我永远记得,或者,那段感情给我造成伤害。)
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