播种前还有哪些准备工作要做?

2025-04-02 12:03:11
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

还有以下三方面工作要做:

第一,掰姜种。种姜催芽时姜块较大,催芽结束后每节上可能都有芽。为了精选种姜和壮芽,需精心选芽和掰姜。掰姜时应掌握姜块大小,在一定范围内,种块越大,出苗越早,姜苗生长越旺,产量也越高。若种块过小,则出苗迟,幼苗弱,单株产量低,商品性差,经济效益低。当然种姜亦非越大越好,若种块太大,用种量增加,一次性投资太大。试验证明,每块种姜以75克左右为宜(表5-4)。

表5-4 种姜大小对姜生长及产量的影响种姜大

掰姜时要求每块姜种上只留1~2个短壮芽,其余的芽全部去除,以保证养分集中供应,达到及早出苗和苗全苗壮之目的。掰姜时若发现芽基部或姜块断面变褐,应严格剔除。为便于管理,可根据需要将姜种分级,即将小块或弱芽的姜块和大块或壮芽的姜块分开播种。

第二,浸种。乙烯利作为乙烯的释放剂,可有效地调节姜的生长代谢。试验证明,播种前用不同浓度的乙烯利浸种15分钟,可促进种姜发芽,表现发芽速度快,出苗率高,每块种姜上的芽数增多(表5-5)。

表5-5 乙烯利浸种对姜出苗的影响

采用适宜浓度的乙烯利浸种,种姜萌芽数增多,因而单株分枝数相应增多,叶面积增大,所生产的同化物增加,为姜的高产奠定了物质基础。同时,由于姜的根茎是由每个分枝基部膨大而形成的,分枝多,姜球亦多,从而可提高产量。据试验,用250~500微升/升的乙烯利浸种后,单株叶面积增加70.3%~87.8%,分枝数增加40.6%~50.3%,姜球数增加42.2%~52.3%,产量提高20%~30%(表5-6)。当浓度超过500微升/升时,分枝和叶面积虽亦明显高于对照,但其植株矮小,茎秆细弱,姜球瘦小,产品商品性差,产量不高。表明低浓度乙烯利对姜生长有明显的促进作用,而浓度过高对其有抑制作用。

表5-6 乙烯利浸种对姜生长及产量的影响

第三,浇底水。姜发芽慢,出苗时间长,若土壤水分不足,会影响幼芽出土和生长。因此,播种前必须浇足底水以保证幼芽顺利出土。浇底水一般在沟内施足肥后,播种前1小时左右进行。浇水量既要充足,又不可湿透垄面,否则不便下地操作。

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