发动机异响是什么原因导致的?

2025-03-25 12:41:49
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

发动机,可以说是汽车的心脏,一旦出现问题就会导致汽车无法正常工作。有些车主朋友反映发动机有时候会出现一些异响,发动机异响是什么原因导致的?

一.发动机活塞敲缸响故障

故障现象(异响特征)

活塞敲缸响是指活塞在运动中敲击缸壁或缸盖发出的响声,它是发动机启动后发出的一种有节奏的、清脆“咚咚咚”的金属敲击声;

在稍高于怠速时,响声最为清晰,转速提高后响声减弱或消失;

敲缸严重时,在中速偏下轻抖油门时也将出现连续敲击声;

活塞敲缸响,随发动机温度变化而变化,发动机温度低时,响声明显,随着发动机温度升高响声减弱或消失。

故障原 

活塞与气缸壁的配合间隙过大,活塞上下运动时发生摆动,敲击缸壁而造成异响;连杆弯扭、活塞反椭圆或气缸中心线纵向偏斜,从而破坏了活塞与气缸的正常配合造成异响;小修保养时,个别连杆轴承或连杆衬套过紧,引起运动不协调造成敲缸响。

故障诊断

(1)诊断方法将发动机转速固定在敲击声最响的位置上,逐气缸进行断油实验,若某气缸响声减弱或消失,则为这个缸的活塞敲缸响;用螺丝刀抵在缸壁一侧,将耳朵贴在螺丝刀把上,如抵触听到有较强的振动敲击声,则为这个缸的活塞敲缸响;由于敲缸响与活塞销响相似,为了进一步区别和判断,将发动机停车后,可拆下喷油器,从其孔内用长嘴油壶向活塞顶上加入少量润滑油,摇转曲轴数圈后,装回喷油器,再启动发动机,启动后若瞬间响声减弱或消失,而过不久响声又重新出现,则为这个缸的活塞敲缸响;若活塞顶碰击缸垫响,断油试验时响声应无变化,用螺丝刀抵在某气缸缸盖侧面上,如感到该气缸处有振动,则为这个缸的活塞敲缸响。

(2)故障处理当发动机温度较低时(一般指45℃以下)出现活塞敲缸响,而温度升高后(一般指70℃以上)响声消失,可继续使用,不用排除;若温度升高后仍有敲缸响,有可能引发事故性损伤,应对发动机进行检修,查明原因,应及时排除故障。

二.发动机曲轴轴承响故障

故障现象(异响特征)

曲轴轴承响是指曲轴轴承与曲轴轴颈之间的敲击响声,它是一种沉重发闷的金属敲击声,随转速、负荷加大而变大,常伴随有润滑油压力降低、机体抖动的现象。

故障原 

曲轴轴颈与轴承磨损过甚,使径向间隙过大;曲轴轴承过长或过短,造成轴承断裂或转动,油道和油孔堵塞使轴承烧蚀或合金脱落;曲轴轴承盖螺栓松动。

故障诊断

(1)诊断方法响声较敲缸、活塞销和连杆轴承响有沉重发闷的感觉;发动机转速或负荷急剧变化时,响声明显;轴承合金烧熔、脱落时,发动机有抖动的现象;若轴承与轴颈间隙过大,机油压力会明显降低,驾驶室有振动感;单缸“断油”(除最前和最后一道轴承外)响声无明显变化,而对轴颈的相邻两气缸同时“断油”时,响声减弱或消失。

(2)故障处理行车途中若发生此故障,应立即停车,把车辆拖到就近维修点或厂家,对发动机进行检修,及时排除故障;切不可盲目行车,否则,将发生抱轴或断轴等恶性事故。

本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者,不代表汽车之家的观点立场。

回答2:

发动机异响,倒点水试试

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