为什么拿破仑成了民族英雄,而希特勒没有?

2025-03-26 02:22:39
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

拿破仑的战争是伴随着资产阶级革命进行的,当他脱离了革命之后,结果只能是失败. 希特勒的战争是伴随着极端种族主义进行的,从他以抢夺其他民族生存空间为由发动战争的时候,他就已经失败了. 拿破仑表面上看也打遍欧洲,征战四方,但拿破仑对历史的进步起到了推动作用。 首先,拿破仑的对外战争一开始是以自卫为目的的防御战争。法国大革命后,由于雅各宾党人和热月党人的无能,法国局势陷入混乱。欧洲各封建国家组成反法同盟,出兵干涉法国革命,拿破仑受命于危难之际,统领军队,一方面平定内乱,另一方面击败了欧洲其他国家的武力干涉进攻。 之后,拿破仑继承法国大革命的成果,巩固资本主义制度,颁布了世界上第一部资本主义法典《拿破仑法典》。 拿破仑称帝后,继续对欧洲各国的武力干涉行为实施反击,一开始有正义性,但后来范围扩大,已超出自卫的范围,有了一些侵略的性质。1812年拿破仑远征莫斯科失败,回国后在欧洲第六次反法同盟的干涉下拿破仑被迫退位,法国波旁王朝复辟。之后,拿破仑逃离流放地,回到法国,赶走了路易十八,与反法同盟决战于滑铁卢,但不幸战败,再次被流放。 从历史进步意义来说,拿破仑保卫了法国资产阶级革命的成果,并通过对外战争将自由、平等、博爱等进步理念传播到到欧洲各地,数次击败反法同盟,打击了欧洲封建保守势力。《拿破仑法典》的颁布实施,使资本主义的管理模式以成熟的法律形式固定下来,对于历史进步有着积极的推动作用。 而希特勒,实行的法西斯纳粹统治完全是一种倒行逆施,所发动的对外战争从一开始就缺乏正义性,完全是破坏和平的侵略行为。特别是德国纳粹党对犹太民族、斯拉夫民族等实行的种族灭绝政策是一种与人类文明背道而驰的残暴罪行,用今天的话来讲就是反人类罪。 同样是对外战争,希特勒和拿破仑,一个战犯和一个英雄的区别,同样也可以用来解释中国历史上某些游牧民族朝代兴起时建立在大规模屠杀无辜平民、有计划地实行民族灭绝基础上的罪恶,与其他朝代的战乱中难以避免的正常伤亡的区别。

回答2:

拿破仑是打解放战争,而元首是打侵略战争

回答3:

西方倒是不怎么在乎谁侵略谁,这些本就是他们的拿手好戏。不过,同为战争狂人(牛人),拿破仑传播了法国大革命倡导的“自由,平等,博爱”思想,削弱了世袭的欧洲贵族们所维系的封建专制体制,并以《拿破仑法典》的形式保存了法国资产阶级革命的成果,客观上推进了欧洲的进步。而希特勒及其建立的纳粹党为了使德国获得“生存空间”,不但侵占别国领土、掠夺别人的资源,还灭绝人性地屠杀他们所认为的劣等民族,把本民族的幸福建立在剥夺甚至灭绝其它民族上,没有给后人留下任何好的遗产,因此两人身后的际遇也就截然不同。

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