推荐回答(4个)
你的编程习惯有些繁琐和奇怪,共有两点
其一:公有变量最好定义为私有变量,否则就违背了类封装性的初衷了,虽然现在程序没有大的错误,但一旦程序大型化后,那个时候就比较麻烦了
其二:重载运算符函数定义有些繁琐,如
Point operator+( Point &a,Point &b)
{
Point s(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y);
return s;
}
为何不写成返回一个有参数的构造函数
Point operator+( Point &a,Point &b)
{
return Point(a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y);
}
假如以上的你都接受和吸收的话,那开始看下面我对你题目的详解
运算符重载函数可以是类的成员函数,也可以是类的友元函数,还可以是既非类的成员函数也不是友元函数的普通函数。当然了,最后一个并不常用,原因是无法直接访问类的私有成员。(要访问也可以,只不过会降低程序的效率)
先来说说成员函数重载运算符,当你用其重载时,主函数中c++编译系统将表达式c=a+b解释为a.operator+(b)
所以,将你的程序改成
Point operator+(Point &b)
{
return Point(x+b.x,y+b.y);
}
就可以了
但是这就限制运算符左侧的值必须是一个类对象,不灵活不方便,因此就诞生了友元函数重载运算符
那现在来说说友元函数,当你用其重载时,主函数中c++编译系统将表达式c=a+b解释为operator+(a,b)
Point operator+( Point &a,Point &b)
{
return Point (a.x+b.x,a.y+b.y);
}
当然了,你这样定义只能重载两个类的加,若你想让一个类与整型相加,你可以如下重载
Point operator+( Point &a,int &b)
{
return Point (a.x+b,a.y);
}
注意:加法的交换律在c++中并不适用,也就是说整型与一个类加上述函数是无法完成的。
假如你还不懂的话,额,那你就死记吧,成员函数重载前一个类参数省略,而友元函数重载所有参与运算的参数必须全写出来,而且位置和参数类型要一一对应。
Ps:友元函数的使用会破坏类的封装性,因此原则上说,要尽量将运算符作为成员函数。但考虑到给方面的因素,一般将单目运算符重载为成员函数,将双目运算符重载为友元函数
他们都是对+运算符的重载,第一个是普通的重载,第二个是用了一个地址操作符,可以通过改变在内存中地址改变参数
在这里operator+定义为非成员函数。
因为系统没有为我们重载你自己写的类Point的加法,所以你只能自己写了。它是两个点的x和y分别相加,于返回一个Point。
让我们来具体看看这个函数。第一,它的返回值是一个对象,它一定不能为引用,因为两个点相加新生成的对象是一个局部变量,返回引用后这个+的重载函数中的局部变量消失了。但是若是成员函数的重载,则可以返回一个引用,因为这个引用可以*this。 第二,它的参数是两个引用,虽然不一定非要用引用,但是用引用能提高效率(直接用变量表示实参传递时要进行复制,效率自然没引用高了)。
重载+符号,亦即是说,这个函数描述了两个point类如何相加。
平时我们的加号是 a+b,就是求a和b的和。但point类并不是数值型的,所以无法用+号,除非你重载了+号,告诉它如何处理两个point类相加的情况。
这里就是 当两个point类相加,就将point类的x坐标和y作弊好分别相加,再返回一个新的point
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