麻省理工提出全新电池设计,这一研究将增加电动汽车续航里程
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众所周知,随着时代的快速发展,新能源汽车会有很大的可能在不久的将来,取代当前的燃油汽车,不过这都是后话。在当前如果要选择一台新能源汽车,想必大家第一个要看的就是续航里程,换种说法就是这台车的动力电池的电量储备,能支持它跑多久。
现在市场上的新能源纯电动车型,大部分的续航里程都在400公里左右,也可以说400公里是纯电动车型的及格线,如果你低于这个成绩,将有很大可能导致销量不佳。反过来说,如果你高于400公里,那么你的销量基本不会差。那么近期有外媒报道麻省理工学院的研究人员,提出了电池的全新电极设计,这一研究会使电池的电量储备获得提升。

?大家都知道电极是电池上最重要的部件之一,电池里的电量想要使用,必须要经过电极进行导出和导入,而在这个过程中,当前大部分的电极材料会出现电量逃逸现象,通俗来说就是一块满电的电池过一段时间不用,就会发现它没电了。而麻省理工学院提出的这一全新电极设计,就是为了降低电量的逃逸。

麻省理工学院提出了一种电极新概念,在电池循环中,新电极将更依赖于氧的氧化还原能力,避免电量通过电极的金属材料进行逃逸。同时,为了防止氧离子从正极粒子中逃逸,研究人员用熔融盐进行高温表面处理,在富含锰和锂的金属氧化物颗粒表面形成保护层,从而大大减少氧的损失。在相同重量下,当前电极版本至少提高储能50%,而且循环稳定性也更优异。

当然了,这种新电极不仅能提高电池储能,它还减少使用了贵且有毒的镍和钴,采用更加便宜的锰,从成本上看,可能仅为传统电极的五分之一。除此之外,新电极的重量也仅为传统锂离子电池电极的四分之一,这也就说新设计将会大大提高电池的密度,如果将这块新电池放在电动汽车上,它的续航里程也将会远高于当前的电池。

而且这种新电极设计,在安全性方面也会更好,由于该设计放弃使用传统的液体或聚合物凝胶的电解质材料,在电池的充放电循环中,锂离子通过电解质来回移动,采用全固态电解质可能比液体电解质更安全,因为液体电解质具有高挥发性,所以这也是导致锂电池爆炸的根源所在。
到目前为止,该新电极的相关研究尚处于实验室生产阶段,麻省理工学院的研究团队则表明将尽快实现规模化生产。由此我们可以预见,该新电池如果能在不久的将来投入商用,比如在电动汽车领域,那么消费者将很有可能会买到续航里程媲美燃油车的电动汽车!
本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者,不代表汽车之家的观点立场。
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