哪些树种适合作行道树?

2025-03-02 08:01:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

行道树 道路系统是现代社会建设中的基础设施,而行道树的选择应用,在完善道路服务体系、提高道路服务质量方面,有着积极、主动的环境生态作用。 行道树的主要栽培场所为人行道绿带,分车线绿岛,市民广场游径,河滨林荫道及城乡公路两侧等。理想的行道树种选择标准,从养护管理要求出发,应该是适应性强、病虫害少,从景观效果要求出发,应该是干挺枝秀、景观持久。 道路绿化作为城市绿地系统的网络和骨架,成为系统连续性的主要构成因素,直观反映城市风貌的作用十分突出。在行道树的选择应用上,城区道路多以绿荫如盖、形态优美的落叶阔叶乔木为主。而郊区及一般等级公路,则多注重速生长、抗污染、耐瘠薄、易管理等养护成本因素。甬道及墓道等纪念场地行道树种的选择应用,则多以常绿针叶类为主,如圆柏、龙柏、雪松、马尾松等。落叶树种的选择,有柳树、龙爪槐、榆树等。另外,棕榈类树种亦是常被选择应用的对象。近年来,随着城市环境建设标准的提高和绿化、净化、美化、香化指标的实施,常绿阔叶树种和彩叶、香花树种的选择应用有较大的发展并呈上升趋势。目前使用较多的行道树种有悬铃木、椴树、白榆、七叶树以及枫树、喜树、银杏、杂交马褂木、樟树、广玉兰、乐昌含笑以及女贞、青桐、杨树、柳树、槐树、池杉、水杉等。 行道树的实际应用,应根据道路的建设标准和周边环境的具体情况,确定适当的树种、品种,选择合宜的树体、树形。如在规划种植带上方有电力、通讯线路等限制,应选择一个最后生长高度低于架空线路高程的树种,以节省定期修剪费用。如有足够的经费、设备和整枝修剪的技术人员,对树木的抚养能保持高水平要求,则可选择高大乔木,采取正确的修剪方式规避上空线路的限制,以获得满意的使用效果。另外,整形栽植时,树木的分枝点要有足够的高度,不能妨碍路人的正常行走和车辆的正常通行,不能阻挡行人及驾乘人员的视线,以免发生意外。特别是在转向半径较小、转角视线不良的区域,更应注意。树体规格的选择要适宜,不能超出与街道两侧建筑的景观比例要求,其体量大小和生长形态应达到设计的特定要求,并能经受住时间推移的检验。 行道树的冠形由栽植地点的环境决定。有架空线路通过的主干道上,可采用规则式冠形,将树体修剪成杯状形或开心形。一般公路干道或较为狭窄的巷道,可以自然式冠形为主。凡有中央领导干的树种,如杨树、马褂木、水杉、池杉等,侧枝点高度应在2.5至3米以上,下方裙枝需视情疏除,特别是在交通视线不良的弯道和叉路口等区段,更应注意要开阔视野,以免引发交通事故。无中央领导干的树种,如柳树、榆树、槐树、樟树、大叶女贞、香樟等,分枝点高度宜控制在2至3米处,树冠自然形成圆球形。杯状形修剪的行道树具有典型的"3股6杈12枝"的冠形,主干的分枝点高度应在架空线路之下,又不妨碍行人、车辆的通行,一般为2至3米。每年应及时调整树冠的侧枝生长方向,以保持冠形的统一、划整,并解除对架空线路的干扰,照顾邻近建筑物的安全和采光。开心形修剪由杯状形修剪演变而来,多用于无主轴或顶芽自剪的树种。整形修剪在分枝点处选留3至5个不同方位、分布均匀的主枝,每主枝上选留2至3个侧枝,树冠自然开展,但内膛较空。 行道树的定干高度,在同一条干道上应相对保持一致,在路面较窄或有大型车辆通过的地段,以3至3.5米以上为宜。在较宽的路面或步行商业街上,可降至2.5至3.0米,分枝角度小的树种可适当低些,但也不能低于2米以下。树体大小尽可能整齐、划一,避免因高低错落不等、大小粗细各异而影响审美效果和带来管理上的不便。 开放分类: 植物、园林、苗木、绿化

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