美国历史题：为什么在19世纪末改变南美的对外政策？为什么要在1898年发动与西班牙的战争？
请简答。
推荐回答（2个）
美西战争是1898年，美国为夺取西班牙属地古巴、波多黎各和菲律宾而发动的战争，是列强重新瓜分殖民地的第一次帝国主义战争，古巴和菲律宾群岛既有重要的经济价值，又是美国分别向南美洲和亚洲扩张的战略基地。1898年2月15日美国派往古巴护侨的军舰“缅因”号在哈瓦那港爆炸，美国遂以此事件为借口。要求惩罚西班牙，于4月25日向西班牙宣战。
南、北美同是西方的殖民地,然而,北美富裕昌盛,南美贫穷混乱,原因何在?有人认为,北美新教徒承袭了英国的法治精神,南美的天主教徒继承的则是西班牙的专制传统.而且二者在价值观念上有明显不同.正是不同的价值观念创造了绝然相异的社会.那么,二者的价值观有哪些不同呢?《文化的重要作用：价值观如何影响人类社会》一书做了分析,现整理如下,供读者参考.
1.南美的天主教徒认为,贫穷是正当的；北美的新教徒则认为,富裕是上帝的恩惠.
2.承袭西班牙专制传统的南美人,要么服从,要么革命,这二者均不能促进社会发展.承袭英国法治传统的北美人,信奉自由,自由气氛使个人的首创精神变成了经济发展的首要引擎.
3.南美人高唱道德理想,实际行事则自私自利,寡廉鲜耻.北美人信奉合理的利己主义,在法律框架中追求个人利益,遵从契约,信守合同.
4.移民之初,南美土地全归王室（国家）所有.财富属于权势,培养的是阿附权贵之风.北美则是谁开垦,谁所有,培育的是积极进取精神.
5.南美反对竞争,凭权力垄断、调节社会生产关系,这必然强化对权力的顺从依附.北美强调竞争,在竞争中发挥个人潜力,培育的是民主精神.
6.南美看重现有财富,强调平等分配；北美取向于创造财富,强调自由和创新发明.
7.南美人认为工作是受苦,是负担；北美人认为工作是对上帝的责任,是自我价值的实现,是自我尊严的证明,普遍有敬业精神.
8.南美压制异端邪说；北美宽容离经叛道.
9.南美的教育是灌输教条,培养服从；北美教育提倡质疑,着意创新.
10.南美精英偏爱大叙事,宏观大理论,建设大工程；北美精英强调实用主义,实验精神,关注具体创新.
11.南美强调过去辉煌,喜谈乌托邦式的远大理想；北美关心自己力所能及的事情与可以预见可以控制的将来.
12.南美神化当权者的专制意志；北美尊重个人需要与自由.
13.南美人认为自己的命运由外力决定,具有依咐性被动性.北美人认为我的命运我做主,有很强的自主姓独立性.
14.南美人关注来生,崇敬的是神父；北美人赞赏现实成就,榜样是企业家.
15.南美人响往大民主,漠视法律,幻想凭借权力改变命运.北美人尊重法律权威,许多问题都转变成法律问题.对权力倒是怀疑不断指责.16.南美信任家族,
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