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WC辊环在热轧过程中承受高温、轧制应力、热腐蚀及冲击负荷等作用,与国外生产的WC辊环相比,我国制造辊环用原材料的纯净度、加工工艺及辊环的性能指标等方面还有一定差距,轧辊在使用过程中的耐磨性差、辊环易碎裂。在普通硬质合金辊环材料的基础上,采用润滑耐磨梯度材料LubricationGradientMaterial(简称LGM),开发出了梯度材料LGM辊环。
该技术是在普通硬质合金材料中加入硫和氧,在金属基材表面形成稳定的梯度金属氧化物和金属硫化物(分别为Co3O4和CoS)。而Co3O4和CoS具有良好的润滑和耐磨性能。LGM辊环的工业性试验表明,梯度材料中的硫化物和氧化物能够降低轧制时的摩擦系数,明显改善辊环在高温和较大轧制力条件下的润滑性能,减少了横向裂纹的生成,辊环的使用寿命是普通硬质合金辊环的1.5倍,并可减少修磨量和换辊次数,具有显著的经济效益。
利用CIC技术,开发了世界上含黏结相最少的硬质合金辊环H6T,其黏结相含量只有6%,而硬度和耐磨性明显高于普通牌号合金,尤其是耐磨性能提高了50%;在成品机架及成品前机架上使用时,轧辊寿命为普通牌号硬质合金的2倍;较好地解决了成品机架与成品前机架一起换辊的难题,可显著减少换槽、换辊次数,从而提高了轧机的有效作业率。
CIC复合硬质合金辊环已在线材轧机(中轧或预精轧)、棒材轧机(中轧、精轧)、小型材轧机(方钢、六角形钎钢、扁钢及角钢等)及三辊轧机系统(如KOCK线棒材、无缝钢管张力减径机)上应用。复合硬质合金辊环用于高速线材轧机中轧机组或棒材小型轧机的精轧机架时,其单槽每次轧制量是普通铸铁轧辊的10倍,而每次修磨量仅是铸铁轧辊的1/3~1/2,因此,与传统铸铁轧辊相比,复合轧辊的总轧制量是普通轧辊的20~30倍。用于无缝钢管3辊张力减径机架和顶管机架时,与传统的铸铁张力减径机轧辊相比,在轧制较大直径钢管时,复合轧辊的单槽轧制量是普通铸铁辊的20倍,而在轧制较小直径钢管时,复合轧辊的单槽轧制量为普通铸铁辊的40倍,而且钢管的成品质量和尺寸精度显著提高。
为解决生产螺纹钢丝所用合金工具钢和硬质合金轧辊材料存在的问题,研制出介于合金工具钢与硬质合金两者之间的硬质合金GW30。经锻造、机加工和热处理后,减弱了合金中碳化物的“桥接”现象,材料的抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别达到了2672MPa和18.0J/cm2,可防止轧辊的早期脆裂失效。同时,充分发挥硬质合金中硬质相的耐磨性,在保持轧辊强韧性不变的条件下,对轧辊表面采取了表面渗硼处理,使渗硼层与钢基体结合牢固,合金表层内的显微结构及性能趋于一致,使合金的耐磨性得到进一步提高。工业试验结果表明,轧辊的使用寿命是合金工具钢的十几倍,经济效益显著。
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