烛之武退秦师所有 重要 单字 的解释,和古今异义!! 通假字!! 及其翻译!!!!急急急急急!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
推荐回答(2个)
不是很全的版本:
1.重要词:
以:因为;
军:驻军;
若:假如;
辞:推辞;
犹:尚且;
过:过错;
然:然而;
鄙:边邑;
远:此文指郑国;(越国以鄙远)
焉:何;(焉用亡郑以陪邻)
东道主:东方道路上(招待过客)的主人
行李:出使的人;
尝:曾经;
为:给予;
封:疆界(这里用作动词)
肆:扩张,延伸;
焉:哪里(将焉取之)
唯:句首语气词,表示希望;
微:没有
因:依靠
敝:损害
与:结交,亲附
2.古今异义:(只写古义了哈~~~)
不能:没有能够
以为:把……作为
东道主:略
夫人:那人,指秦穆公
行李:略
3.通假字:
无能为也已:已通矣
共其乏困:共通供
何厌之有:厌通餍
秦伯说:说通悦
失其所与,不知:知通智
4翻译:
晋文公和秦穆公联合围攻郑国,因为郑国曾对晋文公无礼,(晋文公出亡过郑时,郑国没有以应有的礼遇接待他)并且依附于晋的同时又依附于楚。(郑伯有晋盟在先,又不肯专一事晋,犹生结楚之心。)晋军驻扎在函陵,秦军驻扎在氾水的南面。 郑国大夫佚之狐对郑伯说:“郑国处于危险之中了!假如让烛之武去见秦伯,(秦国的)军队一定会撤退。”郑伯同意了。烛之武推辞说:“我年轻时,尚且不如别人;现在老了,不能干什么了。”郑文公说:“我早先没有重用您,现在危急之中求您,这是我的过错。然而郑国灭亡了,对您也不利啊!”烛之武就答应了这件事。 夜晚(有人)用绳子(将烛之武)从城上放下去,见到了秦伯,烛之武说:“秦、晋两国围攻郑国,郑国已经知道要灭亡了。假如灭掉郑国对您有好处,怎敢拿这件事来麻烦您。越过别的国家把远地作为(秦国的)东部边邑,您知道这是困难的,(您)为什么要灭掉郑国而给邻国增加土地呢?邻国的势力雄厚了,您秦国的势力也就相对削弱了。如果您放弃围攻郑国而把它当做东方道路上接待过客的主人,出使的人来来往往,(郑国可以随时)供给他们缺少的东西,对您也没有什么害处。而且您曾经给予晋惠公恩惠,晋惠公曾经答应给您焦、瑕二座城池。 (然而)晋文公早上渡过黄河回国,晚上就修筑防御工事,这是您知道的。晋国,何时才能满足呢?(现在它)已经在东边使郑国成为它的边境,又想往西扩大边界。如果不使秦国土地减少,将从哪里得到它所贪求的土地呢?削弱秦国对晋国有利,希望您考虑这件事!”秦伯很高兴,就与郑国签订了盟约。派杞子、逢孙、杨孙守卫郑国,于是秦国就撤军了。 子犯请求袭击秦军。晋文公说:“不行!假如没有那人的力量,我是不会到这个地步的。依靠别人的力量而又反过来损害他,这是不仁义的;失掉自己的同盟者,这是不明智的;用散乱代替整齐,这是不符合武德的。我们还是回去吧!”晋军也就离开了郑国。
词类活用
①晋军函陵 (名词作动词,军是驻扎的意思,同下文“秦军”)
②若亡郑而有益于君。 (使......灭亡,动词使动用法)
③邻之厚,君之薄也 (“厚”“薄”都是形容词活用作动词 厚,变雄厚;薄,变薄弱)
④越国以鄙远 (鄙,名词的意动用法,把……当作边邑;远,形容词用作名词,远 地,指郑国)
⑤朝济而夕设版焉 (“朝”、“夕”,名词活用作状语 朝,在早上;夕,在晚上) ⑥既东封郑,又欲肆其西封。 (“东”“西” 为方位名词作状语,向东;“西”方位名词作形容词,西边的;前一个“封”,名词活用作动词,作 疆界。后一个“封”,仍为名词,疆界。)
⑦因人之力而敝之(形容词做动词,损害)
⑧共其乏困(形容词活用为名词,缺少的东西)
⑨阙秦以利晋(使动用法.使.....获利)
⑩且贰于楚也(数词活用做动词,从属二主)
11.夜缒而出(名词做状语;在夜晚) 12.烛之武退秦师(使动用法,使……退却)
通假字
①共其乏困 (共,通“供”,供给)
②秦伯说 (说,通“悦”,赞同,高兴)
③失其所与,不知 (知,通“智”,明智)
4何厌之有?(厌,通“餍”,满足)
5无能为也已。(已,通“矣”,句末语气词)
古今异义
①行李之往来 (行李,古义:出使的人;今义:出门所带的包裹)
②若舍郑以为东道主 (以为,古义:把……作为;今义:认为)
③微夫人之力不及此。 (夫人,古义:那人;今义:一般人的妻子)
④亦去之 (去,古义:离开;今义:往,到)
⑤若舍郑以为东道主(东道主,古义:东方道路上(招待过客的)主人;今义:泛指接待或宴客的主人)
⑥敢以烦执事(执事,古义:执行事务的人,对对方的敬称;今义:掌管某项工作的人)
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