推荐回答(3个)
项羽是一个力大无穷,且具有领导能力的领袖,唯一缺点可能是没有知人善用。
历史上的项羽是怎样的
项羽,他高傲、他霸气,这是一个热血男儿的英雄情怀,这是一代叱咤风云的雄主的豪迈气概,同时这也是他不肯过乌江的性格原因,曾有人悲哀的说,或许项羽少那么一点霸气,少那么一点高傲,就能渡过乌江,待他日东山再起,正所谓“留得青山在,不怕没柴烧”。是的,项羽渡淮后单独领兵作战攻战襄城,虽襄城百姓拼死抵抗,但项羽依然在军事上大获全胜,后赵地义军陷入秦军重围之中濒临绝境,众人率军前往却因害怕秦军而滞留46日不进,唯有项羽率军渡河,破釜沉舟,一举解了巨鹿之围。
在后来的楚汉相争之际,项羽更是显示了自己的卓越军事才能,刘邦曾趁项羽在齐地苦战彭城空虚之时,纠合五诸候军共56万人马,迅速攻占彭城,项羽得知这一消息后,临危不乱,命令其部将继续平定齐地而亲率3万精兵星夜回城。当时刘邦正陶醉于胜利的喜悦之中,饮酒宴会根本无暇顾及项羽反攻,结果56万大军在楚军的猛攻下一败涂地,刘邦仅率少数亲信侥幸逃走,他的父亲太公及妻子吕雉全部作了楚的俘虏。
如果项羽只是单纯地作为一名战将,无疑是当时最杰出的人才,他临危不乱,行事果断,可是他却具有不善于用人,轻信多疑的致命弱点,而又不幸地带着这个致命伤坐上了楚军统帅宝座。自古君王将相多疑,像秦始皇、李斯、曹操、朱由检,一个个都整天疑神鬼担心别人夺取他的皇位、他的地位、他的兵权,项羽当然也如此,因为轻信多疑,盲目听信谣言,范增因平白无故地受到项羽猜忌而悲愤出走,因为不善用人,难得的良将像韩信、陈平、还有英布纷纷从项羽的麾下转而投向刘邦。
刘邦曾说:“试想运筹帷幄,决胜千里,我不如子房,镇国家、抚百性、运饷至军,源源不绝,我不如萧何,统百万兵士,战必胜,攻必取,我不如韩信。这三人系当今豪杰,我能委心任用,故得天下。项羽只有范增一人,尚不能用,怪不得为我所灭了!”可见项羽用人不善,轻信多疑之甚,唉,悲哉!
可是这一点却恰好让刘邦得了益处,若非项羽的不善用人,刘邦何以用韩信得天下?
若非项羽的轻信多疑,陈平所出的反间计又何以施行,若非项羽的妇人之仁,刘邦何以屡次从项羽手中逃脱。刘邦的成功在于项羽的“成全”,而这又不能是不说是项羽的悲哀,自彭城之战后,局势曾一度倒向项羽,但最后局势还是倒向了刘邦。我们且不管其中原委,单看刘邦占有优势之后,却因怯于项羽的赫赫声威而与项羽约定中分天下。
有点远见的人,必会疑心哪有在局势倒向自己之时而不乘胜追击呢?可项羽却偏偏单纯地相信了刘邦,还如约地送还了彭城之战中掳获太公与吕雉,一心想东归。试想刘邦何许人也?其身旁的良臣谋士何许人也?真会给项羽一个得以喘息的机会?果然在领回太公、吕雉之后,就亲率大军,穷追项羽。哼,可笑!
所以,即使正如一些人说的如果项羽少一些霸气,少一些高傲,度过了乌江,也未必能东山再起,虽然他拥有卓越的才能,可是却轻信多疑,妇人之仁,更何况项羽又拥有别人不所有的残暴,攻襄城之余,项羽屠杀全城,巨鹿一战,秦将章邯已率军投降,可项羽却在新安下令坑杀20万秦军降卒,入咸阳,又杀秦降王,火烧秦宫室,劫掠妇女宝货。连年的战争百姓早已不堪重负,所谓得民心者,得天下。项羽如此残暴,百姓又怎能信服于他,纵使他有卓越的才能,纵使他能效仿勾践卧薪尝胆,试想如此一个出尔反尔的“膘悍祸贼”到了江东。
江东百姓还会真心辅佐他,依然替他出谋划策,他日伺机东山再起吗?“百战疲劳壮士哀,中原一败事难回,江东子弟今虽在,肯与君王卷土来?”王安石这首诗一点不错。项羽的霸气,项羽的高傲,造就了他与其如此,不如不过乌江的决定,与其屈天下,不如惊天动地刎于乌江,让天地为之动容!
无疑,在楚汉争霸中项羽是一大输家,但自古不以成败论英雄,更何况是如此一位叱咤风云英武盖世、宁折不弯的雄主,他是如此轰轰烈烈,他是如此气壮山河,死前也是如此大义凛然,司马迁曾赞叹项羽崛起于陇亩之中,三年亡秦,割裂天下,分封王候,政由已出,霸业不兴,自古未尝有之。
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