毛木耳生产优势与市场前景如何?

2025-03-13 03:11:37
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)生产现状
近年来,国际上人工栽培毛木耳集中在印度和东南亚的菲律宾、泰国、越南等国家。1980年以后,我国黄背毛木耳生产由于良种781的推广应用而迅速发展到四川、湖南、云南、贵州、安徽、湖北、江西、浙江、山东、山西、河北等21个省、直辖市,我国南方福建、海南、广东、广西、四川、湖南等10多个省、自治区的毛木耳已进入商业性生产,台湾省毛木耳产区集中在台中及台南、高雄一带。四川省在金堂、简阳、中江等县建成毛木耳商品生产基地。河南省鲁山县黄背毛木耳年栽培量也达1.5亿袋。20世纪80年代以来台湾商人在福建闽南漳州一带租地办场,建立多个白背毛木耳高棚“太空包”墙式栽培模式的集约化种植场。经过近20年来的发展,已成为福建省漳州市集约化食用菌生产的主要模式,白背毛木耳成为漳州市适销对路的食用菌生产新品种和闽台农业合作的重要内容,全市每年栽培毛木耳等珍稀食用菌达2亿多袋,年产值2亿多元,解决了农村劳动4万多人就业问题,取得了显著的经济、社会效益,成为农村区域经济发展的最重要支柱产业,仅南靖县每年就种植1.2亿袋,产值1.5亿元,仅此一项全镇人均收入每年增加1000元,还带动了塑料、运输等行业的发展,解决了许多农产品剩余下脚料。近年来,乳白毛木耳新品种的栽培量每年递增50%以上。集约化栽培模式不断扩大,闽南食用菌场1993年投资150万元人民币,占地3公顷,每年“太空包”栽培白背毛木耳100万袋,成为机械化、工厂化、集约化生产毛木耳的商品基地。南靖嘉田木耳公司成为福建省农产品加工龙头企业。目前,全国毛木耳产量已超过黑木耳产量,年出口创汇超过1000万美元。
(2)产业优势
各地实践表明,毛木耳具有两大优势:一是毛木耳抗逆力强,适应性广,栽培管理粗放,生产技术容易掌握;二是栽培原料来源广,产量较高,杂木屑、甘蔗渣、农作物秸秆、野草等均可利用,室内外均可栽培。每100千克干的原料可收获鲜毛木耳180~200千克。乳白毛木耳新菌株,其产品口感滑脆,介于黑木耳与毛木耳之间,投放市场很受欢迎。2000年以来古田县每年种植3000万~5000万袋,成为食用菌生产中的新产品。
(3)市场前景可观
毛木耳在国内外食用菌市场的众多品种竞争中,它以风味独特,富含多糖和食用纤维,价格便宜而占有优势。现有白背毛木耳出口的价格仅黑木耳的1/2;国内市场黄背毛木耳的价格仅黑木耳的1/3。因此十分适合国内亿万民众现有生活水平和东南亚一些国家市场消费需求。从市场看,毛木耳的销售很有潜力。1991年我国内地和台湾省,以及越南、中国香港等毛木耳消费量2150吨,至2004年消费量增至4600多吨。白背毛木耳的消费市场从日本延伸到新加坡、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等东南亚各国。法国、美国、德国及俄罗斯等欧美国家也正在形成消费市场。黄背毛木耳在国内菜市场渐成为日常菜篮子和火锅习惯区域的人们适销菇品。毛木耳将成为国内外市场黑色食品的流行一族,价格有上升的趋势。

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