刘勰 《文心雕龙·镕裁》的全篇翻译!!全的!从 情理设位。。到 可以行之乎。
推荐回答(1个)
原文:
情理设位,文采行乎其中。刚柔以立本,变通以趋时。立本有体,意或偏长;
趋时无方,辞或繁杂。蹊要所司,职在镕裁,隐括情理,矫揉文采也。规范本体谓之镕,剪截浮词谓之裁。裁则芜秽不生,镕则纲领昭畅,譬绳墨之审分,斧斤之斫削矣。骈拇枝指,由侈于性;附赘悬肬,实侈于形。二意两出,义之骈枝也;同辞重句,文之肬赘也。
译文:
根据情节来谋篇布局,文采就在其中了。按照气质的刚柔来创立的根本要求,适应时代的演变来求变通。建立根本的要求在于选择体制,命意有的偏枯,有的多余;适应时代没有定规,文辞有的苦烦,有的嫌杂。关键所在,在于做好熔意裁辞的工作;要纠正情理上的缺点,改正文辞上的毛病。根据刚柔的根本要求原则体裁内容合乎规范的叫熔意。删去浮词剩句的叫裁辞。经过裁辞,文辞不再拖沓冗长,经过熔意,全篇的纲领明白晓畅,好比在木材上用墨线来量曲直,又用斧子来削砍一样。再如脚的大指与二指不分或手有枝指,是天生多余的,身上长了个肉瘤,是形体上的多余。一篇中,一个意思前后重复,是意思上的多余;同一句话说了2次,是文辞上的多余。
原文:
凡思绪初发,辞采苦杂,心非权衡,势必轻重。是以草创鸿笔,先标三准:
履端于始,则设情以位体;举正于中,则酌事以取类;归馀于终,则撮辞以举要。然后舒华布实,献替节文,绳墨以外,美材既斫,故能首尾圆合,条贯统序。若术不素定,而委心逐辞,异端丛至,骈赘必多。
故三准既定,次讨字句。句有可削,足见其疏;字不得减,乃知其密。精论要语,极略之体;游心窜句,极繁之体。谓繁与略,随分所好。引而申之,则两句敷为一章,约以贯之,则一章删成两句。思赡者善敷,才核者善删。善删者字去而意留,善敷者
辞殊而义显。字删而意缺,则短乏而非核;辞敷而言重,则芜秽而非赡。
译文:
在开始构思的时候,苦于头绪繁多,辞采杂乱,内心不像天平一样可以准确测量,势必有或轻或重的毛病。因此要写好文章,先定出三个准则:第一,根据情理来决定体制。第二,根据内容来决定事例。第三,根据文辞来突显要义。然后开花结果,去芜存精,调节文采,像好的树木,墨线以外的已经砍削,所以能够从开头到结尾圆满切合,有条理有系统。要是不先确定这些准则,想些什么就写什么,杂乱的念头纷纷涌现,那么多余的话一定很多。
所以这三个准则既然已经确定了,其次就要斟酌字句。句子有可删的,可见文辞粗疏,文字不能删减,才知道文辞的严密。议论精当,语言扼要,是极简练的风格,思想奔放,字句铺张,是极繁富的风格。繁富或简练,适应不同的个性和爱好。把话加以引申,那么两句可以扩充成一章,把话加以简化,那么一章可以简化为两句。文思丰富的善于扩充,才思简练的善于简化。善于简化的减少了文字,没有减少意思,善于扩充的增加了文辞,用意更加明显。要是简化了而意思残缺不全,那是短缩而不是核要;要是扩充了语言而重复冗杂,那是芜杂而不是丰富。
原文:
昔谢艾、王济,西河文士,张俊以为“艾繁而不可删,济略而不可益”。若
二子者,可谓练镕裁而晓繁略矣。至如士衡才优,而缀辞尤繁;士龙思劣,而雅好清省。及云之论机,亟恨其多,而称“清新相接,不以为病”,盖崇友于耳。夫美锦制衣,修短有度,虽玩其采,不倍领袖,巧犹难繁,况在乎拙?而《文赋》以为“榛楛勿剪,庸音足曲”,其识非不鉴,乃情苦芟繁也。夫百节成体,共资荣卫,万趣会文,不离辞情。若情周而不繁,辞运而不滥,非夫镕裁,何以行之乎?
译文:从前谢艾和王济,是西河地方的文人。张俊认为谢艾的文章繁复而不可删节,王济的文章简练而不可增加,像他们两位,可以说精通熔意裁辞的方法,懂得怎么样该繁该简的道理了。至于陆机,文采优秀文辞写得更繁富;陆云文思较差,一向爱好俭省。陆云说到陆机的文章,屡次嫌他文辞繁多,却又说他有清新的文字前后衔接,所以虽然繁多但也不算毛病,这大概是看中兄弟情分吧。象用美丽的锦绣来织制衣服,长短有一定的尺寸,纵使喜爱它的文采
也不能把领子和袖子加长一倍,工巧的文辞尚且难于写得繁复,何况拙劣的呢?可是陆机的《文赋》认为杂乱丛生的短书可以不用修剪,平庸的音调可以凑成曲调,以他的实力,并非看不到这些缺点,只是在感情上难于删除繁芜罢了。要知道上百的骨节构成人体,必须依靠血脉流通,各种各样的念头构成文章,离不开文辞和思想感情。倘使情思周密而不繁杂,文辞变化却不浮滥,不是熔意裁辞,怎么能做到呢?
原文:
赞曰:篇章户牖,左右相瞰。辞如川流,溢则泛滥。
权衡损益,斟酌浓淡。芟繁剪秽,弛于负担。
译文:
~~~略
打了我一上午,累死了~~~
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