推荐回答(6个)
俗称冷血动物。随外界温度而体温发生变化的动物。这种特性称为变温性(poikilothermism,poikilothermy)。除鸟类、哺乳类以外的动物都属于变温动物。小形水生动物的体温大致与外界温度相等,但是大形动物,特别是陆生动物的体温,与外界温度有相当大的差异。蛙类皮肤湿润的动物,因为由体表的蒸发,静止时的体温较气温稍低,并随湿度、气流而变化。具有固着生活以外的几乎所有的动物,都具有向适宜温度场所移动的所谓行为性的体温调节,这称为温度选择(temperature preferen-ce)。昆虫类,或爬行类,随着体温的变化,可改变方向朝向日光,从而进行某种程度的体温调节(外温性)。另外,有的动物通过由肌肉活动所产生的热量也可以提供相当高的体温(内温性)。活泼游泳的鱼,或飞翔的昆虫,它们的体温,比外界温度可高出10-20℃。寒冷时,蝶、蛾在飞翔之前搧动翅膀,是为提高体温作准备。蜜蜂等社会性昆虫利用肌肉运动和水分蒸发来调节蜂巢的温度。变温动物的代谢-体温曲线如同酶的反应速度-温度曲线一样呈山形,即代谢速度随温度而上升。在最适温度时可达最大值,但在高温则急剧下降。各种生理过程和反应速度都表现同样的温度依存性。变温动物对体温变化的耐受性远比恒温动物大,但当体温急端降低时,则不能进行生活活动而进入冬眠
冷血动物我也只知道几种:
蜥蜴 乌龟 青蛙 蝙蝠 蛇 章鱼 海星等
冷血动物最大的特点就是体温不恒定,也就是变温动物。像人类,身体产热和散热达到平衡,就是恒温动物。比如蜥蜴,在冬天的时候,它时不时的要到阳光底下晒一会儿太阳,使体温保持在一定的温度下。在地球的两极这样的寒冷地带,冷血动物的数量也比较少。所以它们更不容易适应外界反复无常的气候。
说冷血动物凶残可真是冤枉它们了。比如说蛇,把它的头砍下来它还会咬人不是因为它凶残,这是它的本能。比如你把一条鱼杀了,把它的内脏全拿出来它还是会跳一样。人够高级了吧,在医院里,刚刚死去的人有时候也会突然坐起来,这并不少见。
一般情况下,冷血动物也会冬眠,但不是绝对的,比如熊不是冷血动物,它也会冬眠。
况且,在自然界中,没有什么是凶残的。蛇也是出于自卫。鳄鱼看上去很凶残。那都是自然界里的生存法则,如果鳄鱼看上去像小白兔一样温顺,那它还能活到现在吗?
冷血动物
冷血动物是没有体内调温系统的动物。一般体温不平,或者以行动来调节体温。如蛇、鳄鱼等较大的冷血动物早上需要晒太阳以使体温升高,这样他们才能活动,因此它们几乎都是白天活动,夜间休息。调温的方法包括:
蛇在石头上晒太阳
鱼在水中换到不同的深度
沙漠动物白天埋在沙里
昆虫颤动翅膀,温暖它们的飞行用的肌肉
因为冷血动物不需要用自己的能量来取暖或降温,相比温血动物,同样重量的冷血动物只需要 1/10-1/3 的能量过活,因此也只需要相对少的食物。因为它们比较容易积储足够的能量,冷血动物繁殖期也比较短。
尽管同样的环境可以有十倍于温血动物的冷血动物存活,可是温血动物大多时候可以把冷血动物逼到绝灭,因为温血动物可以找食物的时间比较多。
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