推荐回答(3个)
硫化染料按染色条件的不同,分为用硫化钠作还原剂进行染色的硫化染料和用连二亚硫酸钠作还原剂的硫化还原染料。为了使用方便,将硫化染料用焦亚硫酸钠或甲醛次硫酸氢钠(俗名吊白块)进行磺酸基取代而得到水溶性硫化染料,此染料不用还原剂就能直接用于染色。
所以长期接触这些燃料的话,是有一定的危害的,建议在接触燃料的过程中注意穿着相应的防护服。
硫化染料,是要以硫化碱溶解的染料,主要用于棉纤维染色,亦可用于棉/维混纺织物。成本低廉,染品一般尚能耐洗耐晒,但色泽不够鲜艳。常用品种有硫化黑、硫化蓝等。现在已有可溶性硫化染料问世。由芳烃的胺类、酚类或硝基物与硫磺或多硫化钠通过硫化反应生成的染料。

特点
硫化染料不溶于水,染色时需使用硫化钠或其他还原剂,将染料还原为可溶性隐色体。它对纤维具有亲和力而染上纤维,然后经氧化显色便恢复其不溶状态而固着在纤维上。所以硫化染料也是一种还原染料。硫化染料可用于棉、麻、粘胶等纤维的染色,其制造工艺较简单,成本低廉,能染单色,也可拼色,耐晒坚牢度较好,耐磨坚牢度较差。色谱中缺少红色、紫色,色泽较暗,适合染浓色。
硫化染料染色,很容易溢出有毒气体:硫化氢.吸入大量的硫化氢后,能直接导致人或者动植物死亡!特别用硫化黑做黑色时,溢出的硫化氢就很多,车间要保持好通风设施的正常运转.
用硫化黑做黑色时,染好后要做充分的皂洗和防脆处理,否则很容易造成织物的强力大幅度下降
硫化染料在染色过程中对环境污染大,有很多直接染料中含有致癌物质,对使用者伤害大.又是星期天 的感言: 谢谢你的回答 2008-07-27其他回答(3)兼爱非攻3级2008-07-23导致体内黑色素增多,皮肤牙齿变黑,体弱多小病老鲁xiaochun11级2008-07-23对皮肤有影响人再美,也经4级2008-07-23APEO:烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚,属于印染行业表面活性剂,具有类似雌性激素作用。
1.虽然传统生物处理工艺就可以对APEOs进行高度处理,但废水处理厂排放水仍是APs和APEOs的重要来源之一,原因是这些表面活性剂的处理和降解都不完全。
2.世界上很多地方,比如欧洲,生产饮用水都使用地表或地下水资源,它们含有大量的这种废水排放水。
有的。
硫化染料应用时会使用硫化钠,而且是过量的,其中部分硫化钠用于染料的还原,但过量部分会产生含硫废水,染色废水含硫量高,生成了用活性污泥法和凝聚沉淀法都不能充分处理好的废水,排放水质难达要求,如果将它直接排放,会释放出硫化氢,对生物产生危害,还会腐蚀污水系统,释放出气味,会损害人们的健康。
由于硫化染料不溶于水,因而造成染色织物不耐摩擦且不耐氯漂。而且由于用于染色的硫化物大量地残留于被染物中,成品在保存中因空气的氧化产生硫酸根而使纤维脆化。使用量最大的黑色硫化染料的染色物在贮存中有脆损现象。由于硫化染料溶解的作业性差,近年开发了液体商品,但只不过是预还原后已溶解的硫化染料。普通硫化染料是强碱性的危险物且伴有恶臭,贮存稳定性差,由于对物体有亲和性,易沾污且难洗脱 。硫化染料染色时需要先还原溶解才能上染纤维,后处理工艺步骤烦琐,整个染色过程工艺相对复杂。染色织物通常只局限于棉等纤维素纤维。硫化染料的色光较为暗淡,黑色是其最主要色谱,其次是蓝色、橄榄色和棕色,很难满足现代社会人们对丰富多彩的颜色的需求。
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