推荐回答(3个)
春节习俗----吃年糕
春节,我国很多地区都有讲究吃年糕。年糕又称“年年糕”,与“年年高”谐音,意寓人们的工作和生活一年比一年提高。
年糕作为一种食品,在我国具有悠久的历史。1974年,考古工作者在浙江余姚河姆渡母系氏族社会遗址中发现了稻种,这说明早在七千年前我们的祖先就已经开始种植稻谷。汉朝人对米糕就有“稻饼”、“饵”、“糍”等多种称呼。古人对米糕的制作也有一个从米粒糕到粉糕的发展过程。公元六世纪的食谱《食次》就载有年糕“白茧糖”的制作方法,“熟炊秫稻米饭,及热于杵臼净者,舂之为米咨糍,须令极熟,勿令有米粒……”即将糯米蒸熟以后,趁热舂成米咨,然后切成桃核大小,晾干油炸,滚上糖即可食用。
将米磨粉制糕的方法也很早。这一点可从北魏贾思勰的《齐民要术》中得到证明。其制作方法是,将糯米粉用绢罗筛过后,加水、蜜和成硬一点的面团,将枣和栗子等贴在粉团上,用箬叶裹起蒸熟即成。这种糯米糕点颇具中原特色。
年糕多用糯米磨粉制成,而糯米是江南的特产,在北方有糯米那样粘性的谷物,古来首推黏黍(俗称小黄米)。这种黍脱壳磨粉,加水蒸熟后,又黄、又粘、而且还甜,是黄河流域人民庆丰收的美食。明崇祯年间刊刻的《帝京景物略》一文中记载当时的北京人每于“正月元旦,啖黍糕,曰年年糕”。不难看出,“年年糕”是北方的“粘粘糕”谐音而来。
年糕的种类很多,具有代表性的有北方的白糕、塞北农家的黄米糕、江南水乡的水磨年糕、台湾的红龟糕等。年糕有南北风味之别。
北方年糕有蒸、炸两种,均为甜味;南方年糕除蒸、炸外,尚有片炒和汤煮诸法,味道甜咸皆有。
据说最早年糕是为年夜祭神、岁朝供祖先所用,后来才成为春节食品。
年糕不仅是一种节日美食,而且岁岁为人们带来新的希望。正如清末的一首诗中所云:“人心多好高,谐声制食品,义取年胜年,籍以祈岁谂。”
嫦蛾东埠头年糕的来历有这样的传说:相传在春秋末年,吴国名将伍子胥把守苏州,他临死前对部下说:“如果国家有难,百姓断粮,你们可到城墙下挖地三尺,便可得到粮食。”伍子胥死后,苏州城被越国兵马包围,城中断粮,饿死不少人。这时候,有的士兵想起了伍子胥的话,就去挖城墙,挖了三尺多,果然挖到了可以吃的“城砖”,才不致饿死。苏州城内的饥民也去挖城墙,大家也都挖到了可以吃的“城砖”,饥民中有一个姓年的商人,他是慈溪东埠头人,也挖到两块城砖,他吃了一块,还有一块便当作宝贝似的藏起来,晚上垫着当枕头。不久苏州被越兵攻下了,这个商人便带着城墙回到东埠头。原来,当年,伍子胥看到吴王夫差荒淫无度,腐败透顶,料想必定亡国,于是在修筑城墙时作好了屯粮防饥的准备。他贮藏在城墙下的城砖都是蒸熟的糯米粉压成的,这种糯米砖十分坚硬,长年不变质。严某为了纪念伍子胥救命之恩,也学着磨粉,蒸粉舂制年糕,由于糯米不多,便用晚米代替,没想到用晚米制的年糕比糯米粉质更好,于是用晚米做糕上市,颇受当地人们的喜爱。年某有三个儿子,他的大儿子、二儿子不久分居慈城,鸣鹤,仅留小儿子在身边,但是他们都不忘祖训,每年年底都磨粉蒸粉舂年糕。这样慢慢推广开来,东埠头、慈城、鸣鹤就出产年糕了。后来,经过不断的技术革新,做年糕的晚米也先浸几天,燥磨改成水磨,手工改为机制,于是年糕的质量越来越好了,速度也越来越快了。
年糕寓有“年年高”之意,所以人们在岁末年初,食用或祭祀,都得用上年糕,以沾来年胜过今年的彩头。
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