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海狸鼠养殖技术
1、怎样鉴别海狸鼠的年龄 青年鼠眼神圆亮、行动活泼、反应敏捷,老龄鼠眼神委顿、行动迟缓。青年鼠毛紧密而富有光泽,皮肤有弹性;老年鼠被毛稍疏,缺乏光泽,皮肤松软。老龄鼠门齿软长,颜色变黄。青年鼠趾爪质嫩而短,指压有血色;老龄鼠趾爪随年龄增加而增长,色泽变深指压无血色。 2、怎样鉴定海狸鼠的性别 首先从阴门至肛门间的距离加经识别,3月龄公鼠阴门与肛门间距离约3厘米,肛门处只有1个开口;母鼠阴门与肛六间距离较近,可见到4个孔。 其次,公鼠阴门与肛门处有阴茎包皮约0.5厘米,扒压可见阴茎; 母鼠可见到阴蒂,用食指和母指扒压阴门处可见到粉红色的阴道。再次,公鼠在腿内侧腹股沟可以摸到约蚕豆大小有弹性的睾丸,但应注意,幼龄鼠和成年鼠受冷后睾丸在腹腔壁不易摸到。 另外,同月龄鼠,公鼠比母鼠体型大,公鼠比母鼠活泼,有雄性表现。 3、海狸鼠的管理技术 海狸鼠的日常管理要切实做好喂料、驯化、防咬、防逃、消毒和体况检查等工作。喂精料应定时定量,每次仅能喂到7~8分饱,青绿料应供足,并确保饲料环境安静,逐步接抚摸,进行驯化,使其不怕人、不咬人,并能主动接近人要吃食。驯化对产仔、提高经济效益和玩赏性都很有价值。圈舍、用具要勤清扫、勤消毒,勤换窝内垫草,防止苍蝇、蚊子叮咬。每天应定期检查鼠群,发现斗咬现象要及时将有敌意的鼠分开,对发情母鼠适时配种,病鼠隔离检查和治疗。如发现鼠有跑圈现象,应及时修补圈墙。另外,应经常保持池水清净,在疾病多发季节,可在饲料中添加抗生素、维生素等预防药物。 在日常管理中应根据季节特点确定重点。夏季温高潮湿,蚊蝇多,易发病,应特别注意防暑遮阳和清洁卫生工作。保证饲料新鲜,日粮中要增喂青绿饲料,相应减少精料,缩小鼠群密度。池水经常更换,保持清洁。圈舍和窝应每天清扫一次,每周消毒。秋季天气凉爽,但早晚温差大,中午炎热,所以中午一定要做好遮阳工作,晚上增加窝内垫草。此期是鼠生长发育的重要季节,饲喂量可适当增加,多喂一些果菜等多汁饲料。冬季天气寒冷,重点要做好保温工作,栏舍设置防风寒屏障,窝内添满柔软干垫草并关好门。运动场上的乱草可不用清除,以防水泥地面冻坏鼠的爪子。寒冬结冰期间,水池水应放干。日粮由干草、精料及补充料组成,少喂勤添。同时可实行群养,增大鼠群密度。春季是疾病多发季节,应做好防疫灭病工作。圈舍定期消毒,饲料中适当添加维生素和抗生素。 4、海狸鼠的饲养技术 海狸鼠是草食性动物,主要食物是植物性饲料,如牧草、蔬菜、枝皮、籽实和添加剂等,食谱很广。喜爱的饲料牧草有:水草、芦苇、三叶草、苜蓿草、水稗草、车前草、节古草、婆婆丁等;蔬菜有大头菜、小白菜、大白菜、莴苣、油菜、茄子、青萝卜、胡萝卜、地瓜、马铃薯、西瓜、甜菜、黄瓜等;枝叶有榆树枝叶、杨树枝叶、椴树枝叶、桦树枝叶等;籽实有玉米、大豆、高梁、橡子等。此外、豆秆、豆角皮、谷草、花秧、甘薯藤等也可作为饲料。添加剂饲料包括鱼粉、骨粉、肉粉、酵母粉、血粉及种种维生素、助长素、抗生素、食盐和各种微量元素等。 海狸鼠的饲喂应根据不同季节、不同饲养阶段选择饲料和饲料配方。冬春季多喂玉米、高梁、胡萝卜、树枝、白菜等,每日喂2次;夏秋季则以青饲料为主, 每日喂3次,早晚投喂玉米、豆饼等混合料,中午喂野草、蔬菜及各种水生植物。 饲料应多样化,特别注意供给蛋白质饲料,补充维生素、微量元素,还要坚持经常投喂食盐和骨粉,以满足对钾、钠、钙、磷的需要。妊娠后期母鼠的饲料营养必须全价,以满足胎儿正常发育和产后泌乳的需要。此期如营养不足全造成死胎、产弱仔或产后体虚、缺乳等不良现象。 哺乳期母鼠的饲养重点是解决体 质的恢复,保证正常泌乳。此期应多给些多汁或青绿饲料,加喂含蛋白质较多的黄豆和花生米等,并多饮些温淡盐水,适当添加干酵母片和维生素A、D等。 仔鼠出生时只有0.15~0.25千克,出生时牙齿齐全,几小时以后就会吃食,并能下水玩耍。仔鼠发育很快,10日龄可达0.35~0.38千克,20日龄可达0.42~0.43千克,30日龄达0.6~0.65千克,40日龄达0.9~1.0千克。 此期生长需要较多的无机元素和大量蛋白质、各种维生素,因此,除保证母乳外。日粮中应适当加喂奶类、骨粉、豆粉、鱼粉和各种维生素,保证有青绿饲料让其自由采食。精料供给要定时定量,否则易造成消化不良,反而影响发育。50日龄左右可以断乳分窝,供给全价营养、易消化的饲料。 海狸鼠的混合料一般玉米占55%~65%,豆饼粉10%~15%,麸皮、米糠15%~20%,鱼粉3%~5%,盐0.5%,适量矿物质、多维素及抗生素添加剂。
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