推荐回答(2个)
防爆电机按照防爆原理可分为隔爆型电机、增安型电机、正压型电机、无火花型电机及粉尘防爆电机等。
隔爆型电机工作原理:
它采用隔爆外壳把可能产生火花、电弧和危险温度的电气部分与周围的爆炸性气体混合物隔 开。但是,这种外壳并非是密封的,周围的爆炸性气体混合物可以通过外壳的各部分接合面间隙进入电机内部。当与外壳内的火花、电弧、危险高温等引燃源接触时就可能发生爆炸,这时电机的隔爆外壳不仅不会损坏或变形,而且爆炸火焰或炽热气体通过接合面间隙传出时,也不能引燃周围的爆炸性气体混合物。
增安型电机工作原理:
它是在正常运行条件下不会产生电弧、火花或危险高温的电机结构上,再采取一些机械、电气和热的保护措施,使之进一步避免在正常或认可的过载条件下出现电弧、火花或高温的危险,从而确保其防爆安全性。
正压型电机工作原理:
配置有一套完整的通风系统,电机内部不存在可能影响通风的结构死角;外壳和管道由不燃材料制成,并具有足够的机械强度;外壳及主管道内相对于外界大气保持足够大的正压;电机须有安全保护装置(如时间继电器和流量监测器),以保证足够的换气量,还必须有壳内气压欠压的自动保护或报警装置;外壳上的快开门或盖须有与电源联锁的装置。我国目前尚无统一的正压型电机系列产品。
无火花型电机工作原理:
此电机是指在正常运行条件下,不会点燃周围爆炸性混合物,且一般又不会发生点燃故障的电机。与增安型电机相比,除对绝缘介电强度试验电压、绕组温升、tE(在最高环境温度下达到额定运行最终温度后的交流绕组,从开始通过起动电流时计起至上升到极限温度的时间)以及起动电流比不象增安型那样有特殊规定外,其他方面与增安型电机的设计要求一样。
粉尘防爆电机工作原理
此电机指其外壳按规定条件设计制造,能阻止粉尘进入电机外壳内或虽不能完全阻止粉尘进入,但其进入量不妨碍电机安全运行,且内部粉尘的堆积不易产生点燃危险,使用时也不会引起周围爆炸性粉尘混合物爆炸的电机。
当一台三相异步防爆电机通入三相交流电时,它要同时完成上述两个过程。通入三相交流电的绕组要产生旋转磁场,以4极为例,4极绕组要产生4个闭合磁回路。这一闭合回路要穿过气隙,经由转子缺芯,再回到定子铁芯闭合。旋转磁场的转速为n1=60f/p(r/min),也撑防爆电机的同步转速,式中f:电源频率,Hz;p:极对数。在旋转磁场作用下,转子导条因切割磁力线,产生了感应电流,完成率第一个过程;而栽流的转子导条在磁场中要收到磁场的拉力,完成了第二个过程,防爆电机转子因导条受到拉力而旋转,转速为n。若n=n1,导条与旋转磁场间就因相对静止而没有切割磁力线,也就不会产生感应电流,导条就得不到磁场的拉力,转子就不能旋转。就是说,转子靠n<n1的差“异”,切割磁力线,产生感应电流,受到旋转磁场的拉动而旋转。没有这个“异”就不能工作,故称异步电动机。
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