关于隋朝军制有哪些介绍?

2025-04-01 05:25:02
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

隋朝军权主要集中于中央,由皇帝亲自掌握。尚书省下辖的兵部,为皇帝日常的军事代办机构。其最高长官为兵部尚书,下设兵部侍郎、职方侍郎、驾部侍郎、库部侍郎及有关人员。

开皇元年二月,隋文帝在全国设十二卫府,即左右卫,左右武卫府,左右武侯府,左右领左右府,左右监门府和左右领军府。左右卫掌宫掖禁御,督摄仗卫;左右武卫府领外军宿卫;左右武侯府掌车驾外出警卫;左右领左右府掌侍卫左右,供御兵杖;左右监门府掌宫殿门禁及守卫;左右领军府掌十二军籍帐、差科和辞讼。左右卫、左右武卫和左右武侯各置大将军1人,将军2人,长史、司马、录事、功、仓、兵、骑等曹参军,铠曹、法曹行参军各1人,行参军左右卫、左右武侯各6人,左右武卫各8人。而左右领左右府、左右监门府和左右领军府所置官员有所不同。

十二卫府所置大将军上隶皇帝,下辖骠骑、车骑府,军士称侍官。骠骑府置骠骑将军、车骑将军(副职);车骑府置车骑将军。其下又置大都督、帅都督和都督。这些军将的官号、品级承袭西魏、北周,但有所变更。如大将军降低二级,骠骑将军降低二级半,车骑将军、大都督、帅都督和都督均降低三级半。军将数量有所增加,以利于皇帝控制军队,加强中央集权。

十二卫府统禁卫兵,其任务是禁卫京都和征讨。骠骑、车骑府直接掌握府兵,屯于京城及各地要冲,拱卫首都。与十二卫府相对应的有东宫十率:左右卫率,左右宗卫率,左右虞侯,左右内率和左右监门率。

大业三年(607),炀帝改革十二府之制:左右卫改为左右翊卫;左右备身改为左右骑卫;左右武卫名称如旧;左右领军改为左右屯卫;增置左右御;左右武侯改为左右候卫。是为十二卫。又改左右领左右府为左右备身府,左右监门仍承旧名,共十六府卫。

十二卫府如隋初,各置大将军1人,将军2人,总领卫府的指挥管理。他们上隶皇帝,下辖各鹰扬府(由各府原所领骠骑府、车骑府改组而成)。改左右卫所属的三卫(亲卫、勋卫、翊卫)为三侍。废止原直阁将军、直寝、奉车都尉、驸马都尉、直斋、别将、统军、军主、幢主等官。十二卫军士被冠以荣誉称号:左右卫的军士名“骁骑”;左右骁卫军士名“豹骑”;左右武卫军士名“熊渠”;左右屯卫军士名“羽林”;左右御卫军士名“射声”;左右侯卫军士名“佽飞”,总称之卫士。每府大将军以下人员基本如旧,惟增置护军4人(后改为武贲郎将,并设武牙郎将6人为副)。左右侯卫增设察非掾2人,专管纠弹之事。

东宫十率也有部分改组:左右卫率改为左右侍率;左右宗卫率改为左右武侍率;左右虞侯开府改为左右虞侯率,并置副率。左右内率降为正五品,左右监门率改为宫门将,降为正五品。

大业九年(613),置左右雄武府,隶属于左右备身府。招募百姓为骁果,置折冲、果毅、武勇、雄武等郎将统领。骁果在皇帝护从军中占有重要地位。

在地方,隋初推行州、县两级制。在边境及内地重要州,设总管负责该地域军事,并统一附近数州的军事管理。炀帝时改行郡、县制,在郡设都尉(正四品)、副都尉(正五品),负责一郡的兵马,与郡不相知。

军事要地置镇,设镇将、副将。上镇将从四品,中镇将及上镇的副将从五品,下镇将及中镇副将为正六品,下镇副将从六品。次于镇者置戍,设戍主及副。上戍主为正七品,中戍主及上戍副为正八品,下戍主及中戍副为正九品。要隘及交通孔道设关,置令及丞。上关令及中关令从八品,卞关令及上关丞正九品。

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