推荐回答(2个)
建议不要浇水,因为膜上灌水缺点很多,主要体现在三个方面:
1、首先,膜上灌水不利于降低温室大棚内的空气湿度,因为在浇水后,有大量的灌溉水会残留在地膜上难以渗透到土壤中,致使大棚内空气湿度升高,容易诱发棚内作物大范围发生病害,影响作物产量。
2、其次,膜上灌水会降低土壤的通透性,由于灌水后大量水分在膜上淤积,会将地膜与
地表土壤粘连在一起,大大降低了土壤的通透性,致使植物根系呼吸受阻,吸收不到充足的氧气,影响作物根系的生长。
3、再次,膜上灌水会降低施肥效果,和灌溉水一样,肥料会残留在地膜上,在造成肥料浪费的同时,也会产生施肥不均的现象,影响作物的生长。
西瓜地膜覆盖后一般可比露地西瓜增产30%左右,所以通常它的施肥量要比露地西瓜相应增加20%-30%,增产幅度大的地块应再相应增施一定数量的追肥。在施肥时期上,与露地西瓜相比,应适当减少基肥比例和基肥中的氮素化肥施用量,但要相应增加追肥的次数和比例,基肥除施有机肥外,可以施用磷肥和少量复合肥而不宜施用尿素、碳铵等氮素化肥;追肥可比露地西瓜多施1-2次,也可喷施磷酸二氢钾或尿素溶液作根外追肥。第一次追施有机肥细肥可在地膜南侧开沟施用,以后的1-2次追施化肥可以随水追施,栽培后期也可破膜在株间穴施后再进行浇水。
地膜覆盖西瓜的灌溉技术应掌握浇透底水,苗期控水不浇,伸蔓期继续以控为主,过旱时在瓜沟畦内浇小水或只浇行间畦水,以使渗水浸入瓜根附近来控制水量,到了果实膨大期就可以全园漫灌,甚至连浇2水,也可破膜浇水直接增加根际水量来满足西瓜植株大量需水的要求。地膜覆盖最适于滴灌栽培。试验证明,地膜覆盖滴灌的防病增产效果非常显著,还可以大量节约用水,有条件的地方可大力推广使用。
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