三羧酸循环的生物学意义

2025-03-15 02:11:22
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1.三羧酸循环是机体将糖或其他物质氧化而获得能量的最有效方式。在糖代谢中,糖经此途径氧化产生的能量最多。毎分子葡萄糖经有氧氧化生成H2O和CO2时,可净产生32分子ATP(原核好气性生物)或30分子ATP(真核生物)。
2.三羧酸循环是糖、脂和蛋白质三大类物质代谢与转化的枢纽。一方面,此循环的中间产物(如草酰乙酸、α-酮戊二酸、丙酮酸、乙酰CoA等)是合成糖、氨基酸、脂肪等的原料。另一方面,该循环是糖、蛋白质和、和脂肪彻底氧化分解的共同途径:蛋白质的水解产物(如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸等脱氨后或转氨后的碳架)要通过三羧酸循环才能被彻底氧化;脂肪酸分解后的产物脂肪酸经β氧化后生成乙酰COA以及甘油,也要经过三羧酸循环而被彻底氧化。
因此,三羧酸循环是联系三大物质代谢的的枢纽。在植物体内,三羧酸循环中间产物(如柠檬酸、苹果酸等)既是生物氧化机质,也是一定生长发育时期特定器官中的积累物质,如柠檬、苹果分别含有柠檬酸和苹果酸。

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