推荐回答(3个)
修复陶瓷方法,主要步骤无外乎先将所有的碎片与器物的关系用纸头描好,再剪下拼接成图,看各碎片之间的关系做好记号。再找出碎片接口哪有斜面,必须属于先粘接的第一块。有些部位异物沉积而产生黑斑线,需特别清洗。可用双氧水或者“84消毒液”先将主器物上的裂纹缺口清净。尽可能地将缝里的色差减弱,这样粘接后的吻合面就没有痕迹。再对碎片处用棉花条吸双氧水或者“84消毒液”敷在黑斑线上,将黑色物质“钓”出来,一般半小时即可。如遇黑色深沉,多换上几次棉花条,反复进行清洗,直至黑色彻底洗尽为止。注意每块残片及残片的几个接合面,都要用双氧水清洗擦净。粘接前,要等待残片的几个接合面都干燥了,再用适合于陶瓷器的环氧树脂或者502胶粘接。瓷片间的结合处尽量少涂胶,以防空隙过大,合拢时走形错位。 如果遇上有缺口需补缺的。可用瓷粉、石膏粉或者家用祛污粉等矿物长石材料研磨出的石粉,加白色环氧树脂拌合成软泥片。再按缺口的图形压制缺片供补缺用。或者用牛角刮刀随型补缺。固化后的多余坚硬部分,用软轴雕刻机轻松自如地就能将其修补平整。补缺后用木砂纸打磨平整,缝隙处用瓷器腻子填平,最后用细质水磨砂纸磨平作色。过去使用的粘接剂多为天然植物胶,修复后的瓷器接缝有易变色缺憾,一眼就能辨出做过“手脚”。现在粘接时,多使用无色透明的环氧树脂和高分子合成材料,不容易变色,手感,观感均跟原来的器物没什么两样。而且后补的材料敲击时,也有瓷化很好的金属声。 对修补过的地方上釉,是件不容易的事情。首先得配制好瓷釉,一般是将硝基漆与三倍乙酸乙酯调匀,如果原物件釉子泛青或者泛土黄,就需要加点丙烯漆颜料,在小玻璃杯中调匀。色要准,上釉动作要干净。一般用精制不掉毛的毛笔剪掉笔尖,舔成平锋。运笔要快要匀称,一笔到位,尽可能不重笔。要补青花的,先上一层薄釉,在釉上画青花。接着再上—遍釉子。上釉需根据原瓷釉面的厚薄,反复进行,直到与原器一样。对瓷化程度高、收藏价值好的青花白釉瓷,最好用补牙的光敏固化复合树脂和牙粉,其色泽稳定,粘结性强、瓷化效果好。用这种树脂材料,可不能采用马弗炉加温复烧固化,因为胎和釉容易受热炸裂。所以只能采取牙医用局部冷光固化的方法。 修补瓷器的行活“瓷配瓷、陶配陶”。这样的补缺方法一般用在价值较高的精品上。即烧制一块和原器相同的瓷片,选好花纹色泽基本是一致的,切割打磨成型后补缺上去。不过,自古“瓷配瓷”补缺的方法都是一竿子到底。从清洗、拼接,到补缺、打底、做旧,烧制都由一个人揽下。因此,求人难不如求自己。论补缺方法的效果简洁方便、成本低廉的话,还是用石膏补缺的好。尽管强度不够,釉面缺乏瓷质感,但经济实惠是一大特点。所以民间对低档陶瓷的修复补缺,不妨自己动手修补一试。
大蒜调汁修补粘合,行内都是这么做的。这样粘好的瓷器,不仅坚固,而且不伤胎釉,不影响美观,只是不能沾水。
取三到五瓣新鲜大蒜,最好是紫皮独头蒜,去皮,放在钵里捣碎,研磨,不要留有块状物,尽量捣成蒜汁。
拿干净纱布,去掉渣滓只留下蒜汁。取一个新鲜鸡蛋,打一个小洞,缓缓让蛋清流出,与蒜汁搅拌均匀。放在阳光充足处晾一下水分后,均匀涂满断裂面缝隙,对齐后用力压紧,静放两天后就好了。及其牢固,不是强力,根本不会开,我的一些瓷片都是这么粘的。您可以试试,千万不要用胶水或胶类物质,会损伤胎釉。
如有条件,也可以用石膏。把石膏和新鲜蛋清混在一起拌成糊状,涂满两个断裂面,对齐后用力压紧,别使劲压,均匀用力就行,再用餐巾纸把表面溢出来的蛋清擦干净,放置两三天应该就好了。不过此法不如蒜汁。供楼主参考选择使用吧。
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