推荐回答(1个)
部门法强调知识性,法理学强调思想性。恩格斯说“一个民族要想站在科学的最高峰,就一刻也不能没有理论思维。”法理学的最大特点是其理论思维性,即思想性,法理学的发展推动部门法的发展。 即使是研究部门法的学生,如果没有法理学的根底,很难将部门法学习深入下去。学好法理学要过以下几关;
一、读书关。老子说,物无弃物,社会科学之书,凡是有思想深度的,都对学习法理学大有裨益。要处理精读和泛读的关系,不仅要读书,还要知道不读哪些书。绝大多数书对你有用,但精力有限,所读的只是极少数书,人懂得放弃才能有收获,有所不为而后可以有为,做人读书都如此。泛读量要多,精读量要少,保持平衡。对于有志于法理学研究的学生而言,精读十本以上的名著之要求并不为过,以哲学和法学为主,轴心时代:《理想国》、《政治学》、《老子》、《论语》。近代:休谟《人性论》、康德《法的形而上学原理》。现当代:哈特《法的概念》、德沃金《认真对待权利》、哈贝马斯《在事实与规范之间》、哈耶克《法律、立法与自由》。在此基础上,还要泛读三十本左右的名著。读书要动笔,精彩之处要摘要下来,反复琢磨。
二、写作关。能否写出一篇像样的法理学论文是衡量是否学好法理学的标尺,写作是比阅读更为复杂的脑力劳动,很多问题是在写作中发现和解决的。写作是一个长期训练的过程,谋篇布局、遣词造句、材料取舍等写作艺术应该属于默会知识,是通过自己的写作练习逐渐掌握的,绝不是看了几篇关于写作技巧的文章就能够掌握写作技巧的。写作就像一个人游泳、骑自行车一样,必须是自己苦练才会。所以要经常练笔,哪怕一篇读书笔记也是写作的开始。“多读心中有本,多写笔下生花”是学好法理学的至理名言。开始的写作速度很慢,一天写不了几百字,一两个月写不出像样的文章,虽然令人泄气,但这都是很正常的。锲而不舍的练习,你的写作速度和质量都会有明显的提高。
三、语言关。如果能够多掌握几门外语,那当是非常有优势的。但是这里的语言关并非指外语,而是指中文。现在的大学,外语比中文还重要得多,学生花在英语上的时间比汉语的时间还多得多,这未免有点本末倒置了。不少学生词汇贫乏、文笔生硬、表述不清,论文难以卒读,什么理也说不清楚。法理是通过语言表述来说理的,不过语言关就学不好法理。一些学生原本中文功底不好,到了大学就放弃了中文的修炼,写作的语言味同嚼蜡。学好语言要下苦功夫,经典名著《论语》、《老子》、《古文观止》、唐诗宋词是应该读一点的。
四、思考关。孔子说:“学而不思则罔思而不学则殆”,法理学是思想之学而非知识之学,知识可以死记硬背,思想必须反复思考。柏拉图是古希腊大思想家,他说自己与芸芸众生的区别是:“别人活着是为了吃饭,我吃饭是为了活着。”那么活着又是为什么,就是思考。思考就是有自己的思想和见解,不要人云亦云,敢于质疑,提倡逆向思维。经典的法理学名著和经典案例都有着作者的深刻思考和独到的见解。而且,思想和语言是皮与毛的关系,皮之不存毛将焉附,精彩的语言总是为表达精彩的思想服务的,而精彩的思想必定出于艰辛的思考。唯有通过思考,才会形成一点点自己的东西,才可以说自己学习了法理学。
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