烟草中的尼古丁和焦油对人体有多大的伤害?

2024-11-11 11:15:35
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

香烟里的有害物质:已有研究表明,烟气气相组分中的有害成分主要有一氧化碳、氰化氢、氧化氮类、亚硝胺类、硫化氢等。粒相中的有害成分主要集中在焦油中,烟碱既分布在气相中,又分布在粒相中。很多人认为焦油、烟碱是有害的,其实很片面。据左天觉老前辈研究,焦油中99.4%的物质是无害的,0.6%是有害的,其中0.2%是具有致癌活性物质,0.4%是癌的促进物质。一般认为焦油中的稠环芳烃,特别是3,4—苯并芘是最重要的致癌物质,酚类和亚硝胺是促进癌物质。烟碱就是尼古丁,是烟草里重要的组成部分,能让我们感到愉悦,兴奋,以及享受独特的香味,没有烟碱是不行的,但它确实有害,轻者引起呼吸器官疾病,重者危害心血管系统,不过从危害程度来看,焦油里的有害物质危害远比烟碱大,目前认为烟碱与致癌无关,只要不是一次性吸入过量烟气或连续过量吸烟,烟碱都会在24小时内随体液排出体外。有些报道过于夸大烟碱对人体危害,只不过是为了响应控烟政策而已。所以烟民们吸烟时尽量吸低焦油含量的卷烟,目前认为焦油量、烟气烟碱量、烟气一氧化碳量三者最佳比例为10:1:10。

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