推荐回答(1个)
西厢记》的故事情节源自唐元稹的《莺莺传》。据史载,《莺莺传》中女主人公实有其人,也确与男主人公张生,即元稹,有过一段缠绵的感情。但与《西厢记》大相径庭的是,张生得到莺莺后不久便抛弃了她,而莺莺则说了番广为流传的名言:“始乱之,终弃之,固其宜也。愚不敢恨。” 张生为什么要抛弃莺莺,《传》中他有这样一番解释:“大凡天之所命尤物也,不妖其身,必妖于人。使崔氏子遇合富贵,乘宠娇,不为云,不为雨,为蛟为螭,吾不知其所变化矣。昔殷之辛,周之幽,据百万之国,其势甚厚,然而一女子败之。溃其众,屠其身,至今为天下僇酖笑。予之德不足以胜妖孽,是用忍情。” 所谓尤物,即美貌的女子。张生这段话里有这样几个意思:首先,美女因为她的美貌,都是妖孽,或有成为妖孽的可能。其次,作为妖孽的美女,如果一旦乘云腾雾飞到君主身边,破国亡家指日可待。最后,归到自身。因为道行不够,不能镇住妖孽,便得及时斩断情丝,远离尤物以避祸。张生立论的根基很明了,美女即尤物,尤物即妖孽,妖孽者,即俗语所称之妖精。 妖字从女,正反映了传统中对美女的两种心态,一是追求,二是防范。追求,是因为妖艳、妖媚、妖娆。所以人见人爱,秀色可餐。防范,是因为妖精、妖物、妖孽。所以迷情乱性,破国亡家。从而导引出男人对美女的作法也有两种: 一种如张生,与这样的美女,即莺莺,逢场作戏一夜风流,可以;而娶之为妻,则万万不行。因为道高一尺,魔高一丈,道行不够不足以镇妖孽。另一种如帝王,干脆杀掉。历史上著名的如汉武帝杀钩弋夫人,还有不那么著名的唐宣宗事,见于《唐语林·卷七》: “宣宗时,越守进女乐,有绝色。上初悦之,数日,锡予盈积。忽晨兴不乐,曰:‘明皇只一杨妃,天下至今未平,我岂敢忘?’召诣前曰:‘应留汝不得。’左右奏,可以放还。上曰:‘放还我必思之,可赐一杯。’”由此可见,男人对美女,可以狎之、亲之,也可远之、弃之,甚而杀之。而时论对此则是一片称许之词,如张生,《莺莺传》中道:“时人多许张为善补过者。”《唐语林》中虽未对宣宗事作论断,然其言外意,仍以其杀掉“尤物”为圣明天子,只不过处理手段略过了些。 如果说,这是上层社会有权势有地位的人对美女的态度,那么下层社会中对此也有许多不谋而合者。拿著名的《水浒》作例子,其中那些女英雄,基本上不仅没女人相,也没女人味儿,一听绰号便知,如母夜叉孙二娘,母大虫顾大嫂等。而既有女人相又有女人味,如潘金莲、潘巧云、闫婆惜诸人,全是淫妇荡女,最后结局一概非杀即剐。 应该说,“女人祸水论”在传统文化中暗流汹涌了几千年。 时至今日,它的影响仍在。《不要跟陌生人说话》等等电视剧以及生活中的许多真实案件,都由此而萌发。因为你生得美,所以追求你。因为你生得美,所以看守你。因为你生得美,所以杀死你。我得不到,守不住,别人也休想染指,简单的逻辑中却有着丰富的内涵。甚至一些民谣也从反面宣传着美女祸水论,如说自己的妻子是:“别人看着恶心,自己看着顺心,出门在外省心,搁在家里放心。”这其实也是一种变个调儿的美女祸水论,反映了传统观念在民间的巨大影响力。 由此,我觉得,妇女的真正解放,全社会对妇女的真正尊重,需要从内心深处将女性从“物”还原为“人”。除去“物”欲,扫尽“妖”氛,方为正道。
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