推荐回答(5个)
不粘锅涂层主要原料是聚四氟乙烯。根据国家强制性标准规定,以聚四氟乙烯为主要原料,配以一定助剂组成聚四氟乙烯涂料,涂覆于铝材、铁板等金属表面,经高温烧结,作为接触非酸性食品容器的防粘涂料,使用温度限制在250℃以下。
卫生部卫生监督中心标准处韩玉莲研究员表示,标准对不粘锅使用作了两个限制,一是不粘锅不能制作酸性食品,二是使用温度要限制在250℃以下。
不粘锅为何不能制作酸性食物?氟化物专家、中国腐蚀与防护学会非金属材料专业委员会副秘书长管从胜表示,聚四氟乙烯的先天缺陷是它的结合强度不高,不粘锅不是完全覆盖聚四氟乙烯涂层,酸性物质容易腐蚀金属机体,机体一旦被腐蚀就会膨胀,从而把涂层胀开,导致涂层大面积脱落。卫生部的有关标准是根据这个原理制定的。
答:化学名称:聚四氟乙烯。
中文商品名“特氟隆”(teflon)、“特氟龙”、“特富隆”、“泰氟龙”等。它是由四氟乙烯经聚合而成的高分子化合物,其结构简式为
-[-CF2-CF2-]n-
,具有优良的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性,是当今世界上耐腐蚀性能最佳材料之一,除熔融碱金属、三氟化氯、五氟化氯和液氟外,能耐其它一切化学药品,在王水中煮沸也不起变化,广泛应用于各种需要抗酸碱和有机溶剂的场合。有密封性、高润滑不粘性、电绝缘性和良好的抗老化能力、耐温优异(能在+250℃至-180℃的温度下长期工作)。所以在民用中用来做不粘锅是最常用的。
聚四氟乙烯被称“塑料王”,氟树脂之父罗伊·普朗克特1936
年在美国杜邦公司开始研究氟利昂的代用品,他们收集了部分四氟乙烯储存于钢瓶中,准备第二天进行下一步的实验,可是当第二天打开钢瓶减压阀后,却没有气体溢出,他们以为是漏气,可是将钢瓶称量时,发现钢瓶并没有减重。他们锯开了钢瓶,发现了大量的白色粉末,这是聚四氟乙烯。
他们研究发现聚四氟乙烯性质优良,可以用于原子弹、炮弹等的防熔密封垫圈,因此美国军方将该技术在二战期间一直保密。直到二战结束后,才解密,并于1946年实现工业化生产聚四氟乙烯。
聚四氟乙烯本身对人没有毒性。但是如果不粘锅在使用过程中
不注意,是可能产生有毒的物质。因为聚四氟乙烯正常使用的温度是否—180度到+250度,到了+327度,聚四氟乙烯就开始熔化,到了400度时就开始沸腾,产生的气体有强烈的毒性,所以有不粘层的炒锅更容易达到这个温度,在使用中尤其要注意。
不粘锅的材料也是分好多种的。好的和坏的用的材料都不一样。
主要是在锅内表面加上特氟龙涂层或陶瓷涂层。其次还有特殊工艺的铁锅和不锈钢锅。
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