反意疑问句
It's very cold today , isn't it ?
今天很冷,是不是?
这是一个反意问句。反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实。反意问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。如果前一部分用肯定形式,后一部分一般用否定形式;前一部分用否定形式,后一部分用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。反意疑问句陈述句用降调,后半部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,后半部分用降调;把握不大时,用升调。如:
You are from Paris , aren’t you ?
你来自巴黎,是不是?
She likes working on a farm , doesn't she ?
她喜欢在农场劳动,是不是?
She wasn’t late yesterday , was she ?
她昨天没有迟到,是吗?
对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no,这与汉语不一样。如:
They aren't going to the park , are they ?
他们不去公园,是吗?
Yes , they are .
不,他们要去的。
No , they aren’t .
对,他们不去。
反意疑问句是一种常用的疑问句形式,除了基本句式外,还有一些习惯的用法。如:
1. 当陈述句中含有no , none , never , few , little , nothing , nobody , hardly等词时,附加问句应用肯定形式。如:
The students can see nothing in the room , can they ?
There is little milk in the cup , is there ?
2. 以let’s开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,所做的事情不包括听话者本人,则附加问句用will you。如:
Let’s go skating , shall we ? (听话者也去滑冰)
Let us read the text , will you ? (听话者并不读课文)
3. 陈述部分为祈使句时,反意疑问部分一般用will you , won’t you,有时也用would , can , can’t 来表示告诉、请求、提醒别人该做某事。要注意:祈使句陈述内容若是否定形式,反意疑问部分就只能用will you 。如:
Be quick , will you / would you / can you / can’t you / won’t you ?
Don’t take off your coat , will you ?
4. 陈述部分为I am…时,附加疑问部分为aren’t I 。如:
I am late , aren’t I ?
5. 陈述部分主语是合成代词,everybody , everyone , somebody , someone , nobody等词时,反意疑问中的主语常用he,在非正式文体中,常用they。如:
Somebody was in the room , wasn’t he ?
Everybody saw him , didn’t they ?
对比:Such was his trick, wasn't it?
Such were their excuses, weren't they?
None of his friends is interested, is he?
None of his friends are interested, are they?
6. 陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“一定”等推测意义时,反意部分不用must,而根据陈述部分中的must后面的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词形式。如:
She must be at home , isn’t she ?
It must have rained, hasn’t it ?
It must have rained last night , didn't it ? 昨天晚上一定是下雨了,是吗?
但:I may come and borrow the tool tomorrow, mayn't I?
Then he mightn't have heard from you, might he?
7. 在以I think / suppose / believe引导的宾语从句,附加疑问部分以从句为主。如:
I think he is working , isn’t he ?
I don’t think they will help the farmers with the apple harvest , will they ?
但要注意当主语不是第一人称而是其他人称时,反意部分以主句为主。如:
He thinks they are going to the park . doesn’t he ? (而不是aren’t they)
8. there be句型的附加问句用be there 结构。如:
There is some tea in the cup , isn’t there ?
9. 主语从句和表语从句,反意部分对应从句:
What he lacks is courage, isn't it?
That's where you are wrong, isn't it?
10. neither ... nor 的反意问句:
The book is neither in Chinese nor in English, is it?
He can neither read nor write, can he?
特殊反意疑问句种种
1. 陈述部分主谓语是I am …时,反意疑问句用aren’t I,而不是am not I.如:
I’m reading now, aren’t I? 我在读书,不是吗?
2. 当主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they.如:
This is your bike, isn’t it? 这是你的自行车,不是吗?
Those are apples, aren’t they? 那些是苹果,不对吗?
3. 当主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。如:
One should obey the rules of traffic, shouldn’t one/you?
每个人都应该遵守交通规则,不是吗?
4. 当have/has不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do,does,did.如:
They had a party last night, didn’t they? 他们昨晚举行了晚会,不是吗?
5. 陈述部分有have to时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。如:
You have to clean the classroom every day, don’t you? 你们每天要打扫教室,不是吗?
6. 陈述部分是there be句型时,反意疑问句中要用there.如:
There is a park near here, isn’t there?这儿有个花园,不是吗?
7. 陈述部分含I think (believe,suppose…)that…结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。如:
I don’t think you are wrong, are you? 我认为你没有错,是吗?
8. 陈述部分主语是动名词、从句、不定式短语形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it.如:
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes, isn’t it? 在阳光下看书对眼睛有害,不是吗?
9. 陈述部分含有few,little,hardly,never,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none等这些表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。如:
He is never late for work, is he? 他上班从不迟到,是吗?
10. 陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it.如:
Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?
你的手表出毛病了,不是吗?
11. 当主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither时,反意疑问句的主语要用复数代词they.如:
None is here, are they? 没有人在这儿,对吗?
Everyone knows about it, don’t they? 大家都知道这件事,不是吗?
12. 祈使句一般加上will you或won’t you构成反意疑问句;用will you多表示“请求”,用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。如:
Please close the door, will you/won’t you? 关上门,好吗?
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
(1)Let’s后的反意疑问句用shall we.如:
Let’s go home, shall we? 回家吧,好吗?
(2)Let us/me…后的反意疑问句用will you或won’t you.如:
Let me have a look, will you/won’t you? 让我看一看,行吗?
13. 感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时的否定形式。如:
What beautiful flowers, aren’t they? 多漂亮的花,不是吗?
14. 含否定意义的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时,反意疑问句可用肯定结构,也可用否定结构,如:
You got nothing from them, did/didn’t you? 你从他们那儿什么也没得到,是/不是吗?