推荐回答(2个)
吴文化风俗一:
吴歌:
吴歌,是文学史上对吴地民歌民谣的总称,吴文化的重要组成部分, 吴歌是吴语方言地区广大民众的口头文学创作,发源于江苏省东南部,苏州地区是吴歌产生发展的中心地区。吴歌口口相传,代代相袭,具有浓厚的地方特色,以表现男女爱情为主。
顾颉刚先生在他写的《吴歌小史》中说道:"所谓吴歌,便是流传于这一带小儿女口中的民间歌曲。"民间歌曲包括"歌"和"谣"两部分,"歌"一般说就是"唱山歌"也包括一些俗曲之类,"谣"就是通常说的"顺口溜"。"这一带",大致是指长江三角洲的吴语地区。由于历史上历代区域划分不同,早期"吴"是吴国领域的概念,甚至包括现在的南京和扬州等地。现在所说的"吴",是指吴语地区,包括江苏南部,浙江北部和上海市,即是江、浙、沪等地的同一个语言文化圈,同属传统吴文化范畴。苏州恰在它的中心地位,它是一座以"天堂"美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名城,历史上采集吴歌,也以它为中心,在中国文学史上占有一定地位。吴歌和历代文人编著的诗、词、歌、赋不同,是下层人民创造的俗文化,是民间的口头文学创作,主要依靠在民间口口相传,代代承袭,是带有浓厚民族特色和地方色彩的民间韵文形式。
吴歌里又有“命啸”,“吴声”,“游曲”,“半折”,“六变”,“八解”六类音乐,其中后三类是汉代以来有的。此外还有“神弦曲”,这是当地的民间祭祀乐歌。“吴声”中有一种依据旧曲而创新的编曲手法,称之为“变”。
吴文化风俗二:
稻食
太湖流域色彩斑澜的稻文化,深深渗透进吴地民情风俗、四时八节的每个细胞,并与源远流长的吴中食俗水乳交融,互为因果,翻奇斗新,终于形成了吴派独具一格、并深烙有稻文化印痕的节令风俗,与此同时也形成了享雀海内外的苏帮饮食文化。
有粳有籼有糯。粳稻宜粥饭,糯稻宜小食,籼米性硬耐饥。粥饭为吴人主食,种类很多。饭有烧、煮、蒸、米诸法,粥亦淡、咸、甜、香各异,并有菜粥、糖粥、豆粥等多种。吴人小食多用糯米屑粉制之,方为糕,圆为团,扁为饼,尖为粽。吴中乡间有句俗谚:“面黄昏,粥半夜,南瓜当顿饿一夜”,意思是面食极不耐饥,晚餐后以面食当之,则到黄昏就要挨饿;粥比面耐饥;若以南瓜当外,则要饿一夜。因此吴民若偶以面食为正餐,则必有小食点心补之。据吴地老农总结,认为这是因为南方与北方气候水土不同,因此种植的麦类品种不同,“淮以北麦华于昼,其性阳;淮以南麦华于夜,其性阴。故南麦常劣于北”,因此不耐饥。此说的实习性暂且不去讨论,而吴人不喜面食却是事实。
吴地风俗三:
供奉“路头神”
路头神是吴地所信奉的一位财神。俗以是日为他的生日,祭晒迎接,颇为壮观。
路头又称"五路神"。据说元末有一何五路,为抵御外寇而死,人们因此祀他为神,名"五路神"。但此五路神似乎与作为财神的路头五路神无涉。或又以五路神实为五圣神,或曰五通神,在康熙年间汤斌毁禁上方山五通寺以后,民间不敢祀五通神,故改其名为路头而祀之。一般以此路头为古五祀中的行神,所谓五路乃东西南北中也;财货无不凭路而行,故人们以行神为财神,谨加祭祀,冀求它引财入门,或出行获利。古人外出行旅,祭祀路神以求平安,此为"祖道"之俗;吴俗接路头,祭祀的也是路神,而这路神变成财神。路神变为财神,是因商业的发展,财货流通的加剧。财货往来于陆水之间,人们直观地认为,路在冥冥之中主宰了财货。
俗以为接路头,越早越好,最早接到的才是真神,特别灵验,因此叫"抢路头"。有的地方,真的在元日初四便"匆匆抢路头"了,且相沿成俗。既然路神已不再是行旅的保护者,人们便不再在赴旅时祭祀它了。
至于人们在元月初五祭拜路头神,并以此日为其生日,乃五路神中之"五"与初五之"五"牵连之故。北方于此日祭"五穷"也是一样。在正月而非其他月,乃取新年新气象,图一年吉利,财源茂盛,东西南北中,财富五路并进。
已经保留的不多了。。。夏至要吃馄饨。。。每个镇每年有固定的集场(庙会)。。。其他都是汉文化风俗。。。谈不上吴文化独有了
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