推荐回答(1个)
蒸汽品质是指蒸汽含杂质的多少,也就是指蒸汽的洁净程度,蒸汽含杂质过多会引起过热器受面,汽轮机通流部分和蒸汽管道沉积盐。盐垢如沉积在过热器受热面管壁上,会使传热能力降低,重则使管壁温度超过金属允许的极限温度,导致管子超温烧坏,轻则使蒸汽吸热减少,过热汽温降低,排烟温度升高,锅炉效率降低。盐垢如沉积在汽轮机的通流部分时,将使蒸汽的流通面积减小,造成叶片的粗糙度增加,甚至会改变叶片的型线,使汽轮机的阻力增大出力和效率降低,此外将引起叶片应力和轴向推力增加,甚至引起汽轮机振动增大,造成汽轮机事故。若盐垢沉积在蒸汽管道的阀门处,可能引起阀门动作失灵和阀门漏汽。
影响蒸汽品质的因素有一下主要方面;
(一)蒸汽携带锅水:
a)锅炉压力对蒸汽带水的影响;压力越高蒸汽越容易带水。
b)汽包内部结构对蒸汽带水的影响:汽包内径的大小,汽水的引入引出管的布置情况要影响蒸汽带水的多少,汽包内汽水分离装置不同,其汽水分离效果也不同。
c)锅水含盐量对蒸汽带水的影响;锅水含盐量小于某一定值时,蒸汽含盐与锅水含盐量成正比。
d)锅炉负荷对蒸汽带水的影响;在蒸汽压力和锅水含盐量一定的条件下,锅炉负荷上升,蒸汽带水量也趋 于有少量增加。如果锅炉超负荷运行时,其蒸汽品质就会严重恶化。
(二)蒸汽溶解杂质:
大容量高压锅炉的饱和蒸汽像水一样也能溶解锅水中的某些杂质。蒸汽溶解杂质的数量与物质种类和蒸汽压力大小有关。蒸汽溶盐能力随压力的升高而增强;蒸汽溶盐具有选择性,以溶解硅酸最为显著,过热蒸汽也能溶盐。因此锅炉压力越高,要求锅水中含盐量和含硅量越低。
下面我们从运行方面来总结一下提高蒸汽品质所采取的措施:
通过各项实验可知,要获得清洁的蒸汽,就必须降低炉水的含盐量,降低饱和蒸汽的带水和减少溶解在蒸汽中的杂质。因此,我们运行人员要努力做到以下几点:
1)首先减少给水中的杂质,保证给水品质良好。
2)其次,合理地进行锅炉排污。锅炉排污分定期排污和连续排污,定期排污可排除锅水中的水渣及沉淀物。连续排污可以降低锅水的含盐量,含硅量。故锅炉值班员在进行排污工作时应严格执行各技术标准规定和运行分场的各项技术措施。
3)再次,当锅炉正常运行时对汽包水位应进行严密监视与调整 。按锅炉技术标准规定执行,汽包水位应保持在零位即:汽包中心线下50MM处。防止因汽包水位过高引起蒸汽带水,造成蒸汽品质恶化。
4)最后,应严格监督给水品质,调整锅炉运行工况。因为各台锅炉汽,水监督指标是根据每台锅炉热化学实验确定的,运行中应保持汽,水品质合格。同时锅炉运行负荷的大小应符合有关规定。
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