推荐回答(1个)
推土机在使用过程中的润滑保养一般采用人工加注,润滑点多而且比较分散,有许多点人工不易操作,尤其是在湿地和垃圾声工作时,每次加注需对机器进行清理,维护时间长、工作量较大,影响工作进度。集中润滑是把分散的润滑点集中由一个电动泵和阀来实现润滑。在机器需要润滑的时候,操作者可以随时随地开启集中润滑系统,不需要把机器停下,不用操作者动手就可以轻松实现对各个点的润滑,既减轻了操作者的劳动强度和提高了工作效率,又提高了机器的使用周期和寿命。
下面介绍集中润滑系统提供的递进式集中润滑系统原理以及在推土机上的应用。
1、递进式集中润滑系统
递进式集中润滑系统主要由电动柱塞泵、递进式分配器、控制器以及主油管和次级油管等部件组成。直流电动机驱动电动柱塞泵带动不同出油的泵单元把润滑脂提供给各独立的润滑剂主分配器,主分配器再按一定比例分配给二级分配器,二级分配器将润滑剂送到各润滑点。润滑泵的润滑时间和润滑间隔时间由电控器进行控制。
递进式柱塞分配器通过液压顺序控制配油,分配器柱塞的运动受供给的润滑剂支配,使润滑油依次从各个出口排出。如果有一个润滑点发生堵塞,整个系统将停止工作。由于系统是顺序控制配油,同时每个润滑点的油量可以独立控制,所以不会因为某一个润滑点背压的大小影响输入润滑剂的数量。
递进式柱塞分配器由若干分流片,即首片、末片和中间片组组成,中间片组3~10片,每片包含一个柱塞。润滑油通过分配器的首片进口流入,经过全部分流片后到达柱塞4端推动柱塞向1方向移动,润滑油箭头所示走向从1a口出来。当柱塞1移动结束后,润滑油到达柱塞5端推动柱塞向2方向移动,润滑油如图3箭头所示走赂从2a口出来。依次类推,不断循环,可以递进地分配润滑脂到各润滑点。
2、集中润滑在推土机上的应用
2.1集中润滑点的选择
推土机的关键润滑点是工作装置和行走等相关的运动部件,包括铲刀支臂、油缸横梁、油缸拉杆头、后桥半轴、发动机风扇轴等。
2.2各润滑点油量的确定
各个润滑点所需要的润滑油量是不同的,如何合理分配每个润滑点的油量非常关键,否则有的点润滑程度不够,而有的点注入的油脂太多,造成浪费。根据各个润滑点的润滑面积及体积的不同,以及考虑润滑点的运动、磨损不同而确定的加注量,以某需求量最小的一润滑点作为基数,其它点的量用基数的倍数记数。
2.3递进式柱塞分配器的合理选择
各个润滑点的需要量确定以后,考虑到安装及布局的合理性,可以选择不同片递进式柱塞分配器。递进式柱塞分配器一般可以选择VPKM和VPBM型,表2是VPKM分流片出油量及片的型号。VPBM每一个出油口定量为0.13ml。
由于左油缸球角、右油缸球角、侧倾油缸球角、大铲斜支臂球角位置都在铲刀上,同时需求的量相同,所以这4个点采用一个VPBM-3。左、右后轴半瓦2个点采用一片3T,左、右油缸叉头支座2个点采用一片3T,左右油缸叉头(1),左右油缸叉头(2)4个点各采用一片2T;发动机风扇轴和VPBM-3的输入点采用一片2T。
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