to do和doing做主语的区别

2025-02-23 04:19:50
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如:
it
is
not
easy
to
learn
english
well.
it
is
no
use
asking
him
for
help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
to
see
is
to
believe.
=
seeing
is
believing.
(眼见为实)
(85)it
is
better
to
stay
home
than
_a__
out.
a.
to
go
b.
going
c.
go
d.
gone
ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_b_
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
a.
the
walk
b.
walking
c.
to
walk
d.
walk
2.在”there/it
+be+
no
use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
it
/there
is
no
use
crying
over
the
split
milk.
it
/there
is
no
help
taking
this
medicine.
★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93)
there
is
no
good
for
us
to
do
that
exercise.
3.不定式可以和when,
where,
how,
what,
whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
how
to
solve
the
problem
is
a
hot
potato.
where
to
put
the
box
seems
hard
to
decide.
whether
to
do
it
hasn’t
been
decided.
what
to
do
next
is
up
to
you.
连接上还有许多,可以借鉴

回答2:

不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语,一般说来,
有下面几点须给予注意:
(1)
不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为;而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为。如:
To
complete
the
program
needs
much
effort.
完成这项计划需要很大的努力。
Riding
a
bike
can
make
a
man
smart.
骑单车能使一个人敏捷。
(2)
在疑问句中,只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如:
(3)
在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如:It
is
no
use
doing…/
It
is
no
good
doing…
/
It
is
useless
doing…/
It
is
worthwhile
doing…如:
It
is
no
use
talking
your
trouble
to
a
man
like
him.
跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。
(4)
一般说来,作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致,即:或同时为不定式,或同时为-ing分词。如:
Seeing
is
believing.
眼见为实。
但是,在现代英语中,当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时,主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致,即,主语用动名词,而表语用动词不定式。如:
Waving
your
hand
is
to
say
“Good-bye”.
挥手就是说“再见”。
Nodding
your
head
is
to
say
“Yes”.
点头就是说“对,是的”。

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