推荐回答(4个)
《苏州园林》是说明文 同时还是散文范围很广泛包括说明文。
全文可分为三部分。
第一部分(第1-2段):概括介绍一般石拱桥的特点,历史悠久大小不一,形式多样多而广。
第二部分(第3-9段):介绍我国石拱桥的特点(结构坚固,形式优美)、取得的光辉成就及其原因。
第三部分(第10段):介绍解放后我国桥梁事业的飞跃发展,表明我国社会主义制度的优越。
解答:
文章在介绍赵州桥、卢沟桥时,处处强调石拱桥“不仅形式优美,而且结构坚固”的特点,使读者产生鲜明的印象。
阅读说明文,要抓住被说明事物的特征。任何事物都有自己的特征,这是一个事物区别于其他事物的最本质、最主要的方面的特征,因此,说明文必须抓住说明对象的特征,才能介绍清楚这一事物,才能使读者留下鲜而而准确的印象。
把握了全文的条理和思路,就容易把握全文说明了事物什么样的特征或什么样的事理。说明事物要抓住事物的特征。如果说明事物时东拉西扯,不围绕事物的特征进行,那么被说明的事物就会显得面目不清,说明的目的也就没有达到。
范例2 苏州园林的整体特点是什么?课文是从哪几个方面具体说明这个特点的?
分析:说明事物要抓住事物的特征,这在《苏州园林》一文中得到充分的体现。文章首先指出苏州园林的共同点:务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上,眼前总是一幅完美的图画。此后就主要从四个方面对苏州园林的这个共同点作具体解说。
(一)讲究亭台轩榭的布局。亭台轩榭在布局上“绝不讲究对称”。作者将苏州园林的布局与中国传统建筑作比较,以图案美与美术画打比方,说明苏州园林具有充满自然之趣的布局美。
(二)讲究假山池沼的配合。假山堆叠有自然之趣。让人忘却其为假山。池沼则“大多引用活水”是因为活水才有生趣。“有些园林池沼宽敞……往往安排桥梁”,讲的是因地制宜,印证了前面所说的“设计者和匠师们因地制宜,自出心裁”。两座以上的桥梁,决不雷同。讲的其实也是避免对称,讲究自然之趣。细处也不放过,如石岸“总是高低曲折任其自然”,还布置几块石头或种上花草。这些安排,使得苏州园林中的假山与池沼出自人工,却能宛若天成,这也正是园林中的山水所追求的境界。
(三)讲究花草树木的映衬。花草树木的映衬同样“着眼在画意”。作者先介绍花草树木栽种的良苦用心:既讲究树木的错落有致,又照顾到季节的变化。再介绍花草树木的修剪技巧:取法自然。以“像宝塔那样的松柏”“阅兵式的道旁树”作比较,以“古老的藤萝”作例子,说明花草树木的栽种与修剪符合中国画的审美观。
(四)讲究近景与远景的层次。巧妙运用花墙与廊子,使苏州园林显得层次多,景致深,景物不是一览无余地展现在游览者的面前,而是逐次展露,游览者可以领略到移步换景的乐趣,获得的审美享受也更为深长。
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