推荐回答（3个）
宋王朝虽然积弱不振，但却是士大夫的乐园。宋王朝社会异于唐王朝社会的是，门弟世家消灭。唐王朝末期和五代十国时代，那些跟盗匪没有区别的所谓政府军队和将领，往往屠杀门弟世家，以夺取他们的财产，尊贵的门弟已失去有效的保护。同时，长期劳力缺乏，土地不能生产足够的粮食以供养大批寄生分子，尊贵的世家也不得不被迫星散。宋王朝对封爵贵族也同样严格防范，亲王、附马都没有实权。所以国家统治阶层全由士大夫充当。士大夫不但掌握了全部政权，而且掌握了全部的军权，因为赵姓皇帝为了防止“陈桥式兵变”，剥夺了武将的军权，改由文官统率军队。宋王朝还有一个不成文的规定，非进士出身不能担任宰相部长级高级官员，你的出身再高贵，哪怕是皇亲国戚也要受士大夫的领导。于是士大夫对政府有绝对的控制权，在社会上拥有至高无上的地位。
士大夫在宋王朝如鱼得水的另一个重要原因是：宋王朝是中国历史上唯一有言论自由的王朝（这种自由仅限于僚），士大夫对他的言论所负的责任太轻。朝庭允许任何高级官员随时可以向皇帝提出意见，或随时对宰相以下提出批评抨击，这对于以写文章为主要学问的士大夫确然是一个好制度，使他们舞文弄墨的英雄伎俩有了用武之地。士大夫本应利用这种宽松环境来推进中国的民主政治和人权法案，但他们所受的儒家教育窒息了他们的灵性。他们不但没有利用这个有利制度来促使中国政治现代化，相反随时随地对任何进步改革和他们所不知道的事物发表反对的言论，目的不在于把自己的意见付诸实施，只是希望他的文章能在皇帝心目中留下良好的印象。于是再小再无聊的事都会引起激烈的争论。
士大夫作为一个阶层的意识全面觉醒.自宋起,士大夫全面压制了世家贵族阶级,成为其后几个朝代社会的主导性力量.
内涵,自宋起,士大夫全面掌握了社会的话语权,凡有所言,有所书,皆出于此.上挟皇权,下制万民.凡是得罪了士大夫整个阶层利益的,从老百姓到官到太监到后宫到皇帝,都会被扣上各种各样的帽子.贼,暴民,乱民,奸臣,阉党,昏君,狐媚,红颜祸水之类的.
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