请问大马士革刀是怎么制作出来的呢?

2025-03-26 19:03:29
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

大马士革刀的制刀技艺是一个比较复杂且耗时的过程,从设计、选材、锻造、成型、打磨、抛光,一整套工序下来,非常考验刀匠的功底。

现代大马士革刀,多采用折叠锻打工艺。下面以匠人工坊大马士革刀合璧为例,图解一把大马士革刀的诞生。

↓匠人工坊大马士革刀:合璧

把几种不同性质的钢材叠在一起,烧结,锻打

折叠、扭转,反复锻打,直到把几种钢材充分复合,形成一块刚柔并济的刀坯。

将锻造好的刀坯按设计开型

淬火

制作刀柄

研磨开刃

制作刀鞘

完成

回答2:

大马士革刀原产地印度,是用乌兹钢锭制造,表面拥有铸造型花纹的刀具,古时作为印度、伊朗、波斯等国的兵器。世界三大名刃之一。
乌兹钢是决定大马士革刀的最主要原因! 望采纳
乌兹钢原产印度,分为铸造型和焊接型两种,以铸造型最为经典和贵重。西方学者莫里斯·隆巴哈认为,印度人在公元一世纪左右就已经生产乌兹钢了。但限于当时冶炼铁矿的条件,尚不能建设巨型竖炉,只能建立大约一人多高、上面有开口的馒头型圆炉。圆炉用泥土和石块垒成,在炉子的旁边有用来鼓风的几个羊皮囊。冶炼时将印度原产或非洲东海岸柏柏尔人控制区出产的优质磁铁矿和木炭、竹炭层层叠加置入炉里,点火后用皮囊鼓风持续加热。由于炉温最高只有1000℃左右,铁矿石只能被冶炼成间杂着各种杂质的熟铁块。这是第一道工序,然后利用一种特殊的坩锅将熟铁冶炼成为钢材。
根据西方冶金学家在印度海得拉巴(传说最好的乌兹钢产地)、萨利姆等地的考察日记记载,工匠们主要有两种方法冶炼铸造型乌兹钢,分别以两地名称命名。
海得拉巴法坩埚用花岗岩质的耐火粘土制造,并混以稻壳,使坩埚内壁含有10%的碳质材料。坩埚内不装其他辅助添加物。将其放在圆形的木炭炉内加热,设置在炉顶的4只鼓风器向下吹送空气,加热持续24小时,其温度能保持在1300℃左右,根据这种坩埚的实物分析,某些部位温度甚至高达1470℃,已经接近纯铁的熔化温度。炼成的钢内部仍为熟铁,含碳量0.5%以下,而表面含碳量则可达到0.8%。
萨利姆法把熟铁和一定量的木炭、竹炭粉、竹木屑、石灰和含磷的动物骨灰等放入坩埚,然后封闭,把它放在敞炉中强制通风加热4小时以上,直到熔化后凝成钢锭。这种钢的含碳量平均为1%~1.6%,具有均匀的渗碳体和珠光体组织。
采用上述两种方法,都是在坩锅冷却之后,将其打碎即可得到圆饼形的乌兹钢锭,每块乌兹钢圆饼大约重650~700g。根据周纬先生之著作《亚洲古兵器图说》中记载,乌兹钢的含碳量可达0.5%~1.677%(乌兹钢块含碳量并不均匀,有高有低),含硅量0.01%~0.5%,含锰量0.05%~0.4%,含磷量可高达0.04%~0.2%,含硫量极低。冶炼完毕的乌兹钢圆饼已经显现出尚不明显的纹路,但是铸造型乌兹钢花纹的成因与因反复折叠锻打而有花纹的焊接型花纹钢完全不同,是渗碳时磷、碳凝固产生偏析而形成的,所以研究界命名为“铸造型花纹钢”。
这些冶炼出来的乌兹钢圆饼大多并不在印度本地锻造成刀剑,而是通过陆路与海路运输销往阿富汗、伊朗、土耳其或者是叙利亚首都大马士革,并在那里接受刀匠师傅们的锤炼。

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