怎样做好牙齿的养生与保健?

2024-12-15 15:27:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

牙齿是人的口腔第二道门户,功能为:一是咀嚼食物;二是观瞻仪表;三是屏障,语言表达不可少。牙齿生长的状况反映人们身体健康与否。

牙齿露在口腔部分叫牙冠,埋在牙槽内的叫牙根,二者交界处叫牙颈,整个牙齿叫牙体。咀嚼食物的牙面,叫咬合面。牙釉质与牙骨分别覆盖于牙冠和根的表面,其内层为牙本质。牙本质内有一髓腔,经根尖孔与牙周组织相通。牙周组织是由牙周膜、牙槽骨和牙龈组成。人们赖以生存所需各种食物首先要经过牙齿的咀嚼,然后进入消化系统吸收营养。所以它对人们身体健康至关重要。道理虽然浅显,但是真正做好牙齿的日常保健就不是说到即成的事。对于牙齿口腔的保健和卫生,古人很重视。北宋时的文豪苏东坡养生之道就有一条,每日早起在静谧处盘腿静坐,即必先上下叩齿数十次,此间将口中津液慢慢咽下,以锻炼保健牙齿。清代《弟子规》,对口腔等卫生也有论述:“晨必盥,兼漱口,便溺回,辄净手。”现今生活水平有很大提高,人们吃的食品越来越精细,因此对牙齿的锻炼时机少了。尤其多吃糖类及甜食使牙组织易患疾病,甚至会造成过早的牙组织肌肉萎缩等。

为使牙齿牙肌得到锻炼和保健,每日要叩齿按摩二、三次。每次叩前齿区、后齿区,用手指从外部接触上下牙龈牙肌按摩数回,坚持长久必有好处。使牙周组织微细血管循环畅通,增强牙周组织的抵抗力,使牙齿牢固。

对牙齿的养生要从婴幼儿做起。要想使孩子有坚固的乳牙,必须在胎儿时就供应合理的营养。换牙后要想使孩子有坚固的恒牙必须供给各种维生素及锌、铁等微量元素,尤其是骨骼发育有关的维生素D不可缺少。儿童长出恒牙以后尽量少吃硬、脆、烫热食物,以免损坏幼牙。

俗话说:“牙痛不算病,可痛起来真要命”。因为牙齿与神经息息相通。所以牙患疾病疼痛是难免的。牙齿常见疾病有:龋齿、牙髓炎、牙龈炎、牙周炎等。尤以龋齿(俗称“虫牙”或“蛀牙”)最为多见。其致病原因是与牙体钙化不良、牙的间隙易藏食物、口腔卫生不洁等有关,加之口腔细菌特别是乳酸杆菌、链球菌与食物中之糖类作用后发酵产酸,使牙脱钙破坏牙釉质和牙本质,形成龋齿。有资料表明:80年代末我国7岁儿童龋牙占90%以上。古人龋齿很少,近人如瑞士某山谷与世隔绝的居民几乎没有龋齿,后来修了铁路,有了店铺,学生龋齿率却达到21—67%。早期龋齿不疼,为预防龋齿:1少吃糖和甜食,多吃些五谷杂粮。2合理刷牙,保持口腔牙齿卫生。饭后睡前要刷牙。刷牙要沿牙缝隙上下左右内外刷净,牙缝嵌塞的食物及时除净,但不宜用金属等利器剔牙。尤其睡前刷牙后不要再吃东西以免细菌繁殖。3预防牙疾最好的方法是清除牙菌斑(即牙垢、牙结石)。它是由唾液和食物残渣形成的,可引起蛀牙或虫牙及牙周炎等症,应定期诊治清除。

另外,牙齿咀嚼食物不要偏用一侧,要均衡使用。总之对牙齿的保健要精心细致,长久坚持。

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