推荐回答(3个)
生姜的主要类型
按照生姜的根茎或植株的用途可分为食用药用型,食用加工型和观赏型三种类型。根据生姜的植物学特征及生长习性,可分为疏苗型和密苗型两种类型。
1、疏苗型:植株高大,茎秆粗壮,分枝少,叶深绿色,根茎节少而稀,姜块肥大,多单层排列,其代表品种如山东莱芜大姜、广东疏轮大肉姜、安丘大姜、藤叶大姜等。
2、密苗型:生长势中等,分枝多,叶色绿,根茎节多而密,姜块多数双层或多层排列,其代表品种如山东莱芜片姜、广东密轮细肉姜、浙江临平红瓜姜、江西兴国生姜、陕西城固黄姜等。
生姜的主要种类
1、嫩姜
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又叫新姜、仔姜、子姜,是生姜还没成熟的个体,尖部发紫,又叫紫姜,皮薄肉嫩,水分多,纤维少,味淡薄,除做调料,还可加工成丝炒、凉拌、做姜糖,如淮扬菜拌干丝。
2、老姜
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俗称姜母,即姜种,皮厚肉坚,味道辛辣,相比新姜,老姜的味道更浓香,俗话说姜还是老的辣,主要用在调味,一般用在火工菜中(如炖、焖、煨、烧、煮、扒等烹调方法),主要是取其味,而熟后要弃去姜,它附有姜芽(浇姜),可以作菜肴的配菜或酱腌,味道鲜美。
3、红爪姜
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南方各地常用品种。因分枝节处呈浅紫红皮,外形肥大如爪而得名。又名大莲姜。株高70厘米左右,长势强,分枝数少,姜块皮色淡黄,肉质鲜黄,纤维少,辛味浓,品质佳;耐干旱,发病少,适应性强,产量高,单株重1.5~2千克。
4、红芽姜
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红芽姜分布福建、湖南等省。植株生长势强,分枝数多。根茎皮淡黄色,芽淡红色,根茎肉色蜡黄,纤维少,风味佳。单株根茎重可达500克左右。
5、黄爪姜
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浙江省临乎一带农家品种。植株较矮,芽不带红色,姜块节间短而密,皮淡黄色,肉质微密,辛辣味浓。单株根茎重250克左右。香辣,气味由淡转浓,肉质由松软变结实,水分小,香气比老姜还要重,是姜中上品。
山农大姜1号:山东农业大学自国外引进的品种中,通过组培试管苗诱变选择而来。一般单株根茎重为1000克左右,重者可达3000克以上。一般每亩产4000千克,高产者可达6000千克以上。
山农大姜2号:山东农业大学自国外引进的品种中,通过组培试管苗诱变选择而来。一般单株根茎重为800克左右,重者可达2000克以上。每亩产3500千克,高产者可达5000千克以上。
莱芜片姜:又名莱芜小姜,山东省莱芜市地方品种,为山东省名特产蔬菜之一。一般单株根茎重500克左右,重者可达1千克以上。每亩产2500千克左右,高产田可达3500千克左右。
莱芜大姜:山东省莱芜市地方品种,也是山东省著名特产,是我国北方主栽品种之一。一般单株重约800克,重者可达1500克以上。通常每亩产量为3000千克,高产田可达4000~5000千克。
广州疏轮大肉姜:广州市郊农家品种。品质优,产量较高,抗病性稍差。一般单株重1000~2000克,每亩产3000千克左右。
广州密轮细肉姜:广州市郊农家品种。抗旱和抗病性较强。一般单株重700~1500克,每亩产2500千克左右。
铜陵白姜:安徽铜陵市农家品种,是安徽省著名特产。一般单株根茎重500~600克,每亩产鲜姜2500千克。
来凤生姜:又称凤头姜,为湖北省来凤县农家品种。一般每亩产1500~2000千克。
四川竹根姜:四川省川东农家品种,主要分布在川东一带。适宜作软化栽培。产量较高,一般单株根茎重250~500克,每亩产2500千克左右。
生姜是厨房里最常见,不可缺少的调味品。生姜有许多不同的种类,比如白姜、黄姜、红姜、老姜、嫩姜、沙姜、南姜等。
1、白姜:根茎较大,呈微黄色,外皮光滑,肉黄白色,水分较大,辣味淡,纤维少。新鲜白姜的姜皮为白略呈黄色,姜块成佛手状,瓣粗肥厚。姜指饱满,色白鲜嫩汁多,味辣而不呛口,属多功能食用产品。
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2、黄姜:根茎中等大小,皮呈淡黄色,节间缩短,根茎嫩芽呈黄白色,香辣,气味由淡转浓,肉质由松软变结实,水分小,香气比老姜还要重,是姜中上品。
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3、红姜:根茎大,节间长,皮淡黄色,嫩芽淡红色,肉色黄,纤维少,辣味强。
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4、嫩姜:又叫新姜、仔姜、子姜,是生姜还没成熟的个体,尖部发紫,又叫紫姜,皮薄肉嫩,水分多,纤维少,味淡薄,除做调料,还可加工成丝炒、凉拌、做姜糖,如淮扬菜拌干丝。
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5、老姜:俗称姜母,即姜种,皮厚肉坚,味道辛辣,相比新姜,老姜的味道更浓香,俗话说姜还是老的辣,主要用在调味,一般用在火工菜中(如炖、焖、煨、烧、煮、扒等烹调方法),主要是取其味,而熟后要弃去姜,它附有姜芽(浇姜),可以作菜肴的配菜或酱腌,味道鲜美。
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6、沙姜:也叫砂姜、三奈,外皮浅褐色或黄褐色,气香特异,味辛辣,主要产于中国南部广西、云南、广东、台湾。在粤菜中使用较多。沙姜主要用烧、卤、煨、烤等动物性菜肴,如砂姜鸡,放一点味道更美味鲜嫩,除可作为五香料、汤料外,其干品所制的沙姜粉,还可调入精盐成为沙姜盐,用于佐餐。中国沙姜之乡广东南盛的沙姜皮薄肉厚,质脆肉嫩,味辛辣带甜。
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7、南姜:又称山姜、高良姜,可分为大高良姜和小高良姜,从外形上像玉竹,黄精,味辛,性温,南姜温胃散寒,消食止痛。
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我国著名的生姜品种有山东菜姜、泰安片姜、安东白姜、陕西黄姜、浙江红姜、黄姜、湖北刺阳姜、遵义大白姜、广东肉姜、南雄姜等。
参考资料
搜狗问问.搜狗[引用时间2017-12-22]
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