示波器指标中的带宽如何理解?

2024-12-15 12:34:43
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

带宽是示波器的首要指标,和放大器的带宽一样,是所谓的-3dB点,即:
在示波器的输入端加正弦波,幅度衰减至-3dB(70.7%)时的频率点就是示波器的带宽。


如果我们用100MHz带宽的示波器测量:幅值为1V ,频率为100MHz 的正弦波时,实际得到的幅值会不小于0.707V。

那么作为示波器的首要参数指标,“带宽不足”对波形测量有哪些影响呢 ?我们用20M、60M、100M带宽的示波器分别观察20M的方波信号





由上面三张图可以看出:
20M示波器基本无法观察到方波形状,另外100M示波器的观察效果比60M示波器要好,下面我们来一起分析原因:


方波信号有限次谐波合成波形图


20M方波频谱



上图中,我们可以看到方波是由基波以及3、5、7、9……次谐波分量递加而成。所以20M的方波包含20M基波、60M三次谐波,100M五次谐波,140M七次谐波……
如果要对波形进行准确测量,应该让示波器的带宽大于波形的主要谐波分量。因此对于正弦波可以要求示波器的带宽大于波形的频率,但是对与非正弦波则要求示波器的带宽大于波形的最大主要谐波频率。

带宽不足具体的影响表现在以下两个方面:
1、由低带宽导致主要谐波分量消失,使原本规则的波形呈圆弧状接近正弦波;
2、低带宽给波形的上升时间和幅度的测量带来较大的误差。

所以示波器的带宽越高,实际测量也就越精确,当然价格和成本也会更高,那么我们需要多大带宽的示波器才合适呢?
一般所测信号最大频率的5倍,就是最合适的带宽,即带宽的五倍法则。

回答2:

示波器带宽定义
–示波器的输入端加入一固定电压的正弦波信号,逐渐增加该正弦波的频率,直
到示波器上显示该正弦波电压为原来的 0.707倍或-3dB,此时的频率,即为示
波器的规格带宽。
20log0.707 = -3dB

回答3:

带宽不都指HZ么??模拟带宽。

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