求当前我国“塑胶”产业概况?

求当前我国“塑胶”产业概况?及塑胶产业我发展前景
2024-11-30 10:46:29
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  近来有专家提出,计划经济时代的短缺使国内塑料产业链过于松散,现在到了上下游携手打造中国塑料完整的产业链的时候了。依据是,2002年国内部分石化企业乙烯改造完工,使塑料产量大增,标志着国内具备了生产高品质塑料专用料的能力。另外,单是近两三年来上海金山、北京燕山、南京扬子三大石化企业扩能改造而增加的专用料产能,就超过了100万吨,包括管材料、中空容器料、电线电缆料、薄膜料等常用的塑料专用料,国内都具备了生产开发能力。

  但是,从目前部分进入市场的高品质国产专用料的销售情况来看,却难尽如人意:有的高档新产品卖不过同类低档产品,下游厂家不认国产料,仍在用进口料,有的甚至在用代用料;新加盟进入加工领域的企业不知道国内哪个石化企业能生产其所需要的产品。

  造成这种现象的原因是多方面的

  国内石化产业真正形成稳定产能是在上世纪90年代,但当时石化企业生产的塑料产品全是国家调拨分配,由中间的塑料公司专营,生产企业与市场严重脱节,没有与加工厂家形成直接的对口关系;另一方面,由于塑料应用领域的迅速扩大,塑料原料成为市场紧俏产品之一。为了最大限度满足市场需求,生产企业大多生产易开、量大、使用范围广的通用料,而很少生产难度大的专用料。当国内逐步取消进口限制时,国外厂商避开了国内厂商经营的通用料,而专营国内几乎是空白的专用料市场。为改变国内塑料原料市场结构,中石化利用中国加入WTO的保护期,对其骨干企业———扬子石化、上海石化、燕山石化等进行旨在改善结构、增加品种的乙烯改造,引进了数百个牌号的塑料专用料产品生产技术,基本可满足国内各行业对专用料的需求,一些高品质专用料已经开发成功,有的已经批量进入市场,与进口产品分庭抗礼。

  但是,在长达两年的建设期间,由于塑料产业上下游互不熟悉,令这些高品质的专用料难以真正走向市场。首先,国内塑料产品的直销率一直不高。到目前为止,有的企业直销率还不到50%,销售过程的中间环节多。对于塑料通用料来说可以依托经销商的现成网络,但专用料必须是专料专用,才能显示出其优良性能。我国经济增长迅速,对塑料的需求也随之增加,这又决定了国内塑料产业链必须长期存在‘进口情结‘。因此,我们新增的塑料专用料除了填补经济增长的需求外,要把逐步替代进口作为目标。而要实现这一目标,必须改变国内塑料产业链的现状,使产业的上下游紧密结合,上游开发出专用料,直接向下游对口厂家‘抛绣球‘,下游厂家则要敢于试用,把需要改进的地方及时反馈上来,双方携手使上游产品有稳定销路,下游厂家有方便、安全的供应渠道。

  目前,中国塑料市场结构正发生着质的变化,外商从向国内输入技术和产品,转向了以资本输入为主。他们或独资或合资,在南京、上海、福建等地建设特大型石化生产基地,国产塑料比率在这些企业投产之后将大幅提高。从现在起,建立起国内供销渠道正当其时,国内塑料产业链上下游各环节应该及时抓住良机。

  因此,在塑料专用料具备产能的同时,上游更应加强与相关行业的链接,如为每个客户和潜在用户建立档案,并选派技术素养高、公关能力强的人员与他们交朋友,随时掌握他们的需求动态,哪怕是那些已经与国外公司建立的稳定供求关系的也应如此。下游厂家也应主动与上游对接,熟悉国产塑料新产品的性能,尽快完成从用进口料到用国产料的转变,增强塑料行业供求安全性。

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