非谓语动词(to do,doing)作表语和定语的区别
推荐回答(2个)
doing既可指动名词,也可指现在分词,现主要为你讲解动名词与不定式的用法区别。 动名词与不定式都是动词的一种非限定形式,是中学英语的一项重点内容,也是高考及各类考试的常考内容之一。动名词与不定式的用法及区别归纳如下: 一、作主语 1.不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如: Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。 To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。 2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如: To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。 Saving is having. 节约即是收入。 3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如: To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比) To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作) 二、作表语 1. 不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如: My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.) 2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如: The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。 三、作宾语 1. 有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。 2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如: I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。 Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿? 3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如: I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生) Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生) 4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如: I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。 The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。 四、作定语 1. 动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如: No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如: That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。 Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
doing既可指动名词,也可指现在分词,现主要为你讲解动名词与不定式的用法区别。 动名词与不定式都是动词的一种非限定形式,是中学英语的一项重点内容,也是高考及各类考试的常考内容之一。动名词与不定式的用法及区别归纳如下: 一、作主语 1.不定式与动名词均可作主语,两者常可换用。例如: Cleaning the playground / To clean the playground is her fulltime job. 打扫操场的卫生是她的专职工作。 To watch / Watching them play football is very interesting. 看他们踢足球是很有趣的。 2. 注意前后一致的原则,如主语是不定式或动名词,表语也用不定式或动名词。例如: To see her is to love her.谁看见她都会喜欢她。 Saving is having. 节约即是收入。 3. 但如果作主语的不定式是固定的说法,或表示一种强烈的对比,或指具体的某次动作等时,通常不用动名词代替不定式。例如: To love others is to be loved. 爱人即爱己。(表示对比) To learn a language in one month is impossible. 在一个月内学会一门语言是不可能的。(表示某次具体的动作) 二、作表语 1. 不定式和动名词均可作表语,解释或说明主语的具体内容,两者常可换用,但需要注意主语与表语的一致性。例如: My work is looking after / to look after the children.我的工作是照看这些孩子。 To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。(比较:Living is doing something worthwhile.) 2. 如果表示某种结果、不幸的命运或预言,或表示"同意;命令;决定;劝告"等意,则往往用不定式作表语。例如: The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们必须明天交练习。 三、作宾语 1. 有些动词后可接动名词作宾语,但不可接不定式作宾语;有些动词则反之。详细内容见本报第1期第1面"动词不定式过关指导"。 2. begin, start, hate, like, love, prefer 等动词后接不定式与接动名词区别不大,但这类动词与 should 或 would 连用时,只接不定式;begin 或 start 用于进行时态时,后面常常接不定式。例如: I don't like troubling / to trouble him. 我不想去麻烦他。 Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿? 3. 某些动词后接动名词与接不定式意义不同。这类动词常用的有 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean 等。如 remember, forget 后接不定式表示未发生的动作,接动名词表示已发生的动作;regret 后接不定式表示"遗憾;抱歉",常与 to say, to tell, to inform 等连用, 后接动名词指对已发生的事表示"后悔或悔恨";stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事", stop doing sth. 表示"停止做某事";try to do sth. 表示"试图做某事",try doing sth. 表示"试试做某事";mean to do sth. 表示"有意或打算做某事", mean doing sth. 表示"意味着……"。例如: I remember seeing you somewhere in Guilin.我记得在桂林的什么地方见到过你。(seeing 这个动作已经发生) Remember to mail the letter for me. 记住帮我寄这封信。(to mail 这个动作尚未发生) 4. want 及 need 表示主语"想或需要"做某事,后接不定式的主动式作宾语;want, need 及 require 表示主语"需要"被作某种处置,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式均可。例如: I want to paint the wall. 我想粉刷这堵墙。 The wall wants painting / to be painted. 这墙需要粉刷了。 四、作定语 1. 动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途。例如: No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。例如: That will be the only thing to do now. 那恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。 Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗?
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