食醋分为酿造醋和配制醋两种.国家标准规定酿造食醋总酸含量不得低于3.5g⼀100mL.(1)某研究小组利用滴

2025-04-06 15:52:33
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)a.用NaOH溶液滴定时,醋酸是弱电解质,应该生成分子式,反应的离子方程式为:CH3COOH+OH-═H2O+CH3COO-,故a错误;
b.完了减小滴定误差,滴定前将食醋试样需稀释一定倍数后再进行滴定,故b正确;
c.用NaOH溶液滴定食醋,由于甲基橙的变色范围为3.1-4.4,不能够使用甲基橙作为指示剂,可使用酚酞作指示剂,故c错误;
d.若测得该品牌食醋的物质的量浓度为0.75mol/L,醋酸的摩尔质量为60g/mol,100mL含有0.075mol醋酸,醋酸的质量为4.5g,则该食醋的总酸量为4.5g/100mL,故d正确;
故选:bd;
(2)想验证醋酸与食品添加剂(苯甲酸钠C6H5COONa)不会发生离子互换反应,需要证明醋酸的酸性小于苯甲酸的酸性,而酸的电离常数决定了酸的酸性强弱,所以需要查找在一定温度下的醋酸与苯甲酸的电离常数,
故选:c;
(3)①常温下,用0.1000mol?L-1 NaOH溶液分别滴定20.00mL 0.1000mol?L-1 HCl溶液和20.00mL 0.1000mol?L-1 CH3COOH溶液,加入氢氧化钠溶液前,盐酸属于强电解质,完全电离,溶液的pH为1,而醋酸属于弱电解质,醋酸溶液的pH一定大于1,所以图1是盐酸溶液滴定曲线,图2是醋酸溶液的滴定曲线;20.00mL 0.1000mol?L-1 HCl溶液中,需要加入20mL 0.1000mol?L-1 NaOH溶液,溶液恰好反应,溶液的pH=7,所以a=20,
故答案为:图2;20;
②在加热20mL氢氧化钠溶液后,醋酸与氢氧化钠反应生成了醋酸钠,醋酸根离子发生水解,溶液显示碱性,反应的离子方程式为:CH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-
故答案为:CH3COO-+H2O?CH3COOH+OH-
(4)欲粗略测定一未知浓度的CH3COOH溶液的电离度,需要进行酸碱中和滴定测定,通过测定滴定过程中溶液的pH变化,会使用到pH试纸,
故选:d;
(5)酚酞的变色范围为8-10,NaOH溶液滴定CH3COOH溶液,可以选用酚酞作指示剂;滴定结束时溶液由无色变成红色;滴定时锥形瓶不能够用待测液润洗,所以装待测液的锥形瓶未用待装液润洗,不影响滴定结果,
故答案为:酚酞; 由无色变粉红色,且半分钟内不恢复原色;无影响.

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