由山脚到山顶,长白山植被的变化情况:_____________________________________

2025-04-06 06:37:15
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

长白山地形复杂,有高山、高原、台地、河谷、沼泽地等。海拔较高,土壤一般为山地棕色森林土,气候温和湿润,夏温较高,年降雨量大,使长白山的植被类形复杂、多样、植物种类十分丰富。由于长白山地形复杂,使植被产生了显著的分化,出现了各种不同的森林群落、草甸群落、沼泽群落及岩生、水生等群落。随着海拔高度的不同,形成了四个自然景观带。

针阔混交林景观带

针阔混交林景观带海拔在1,100米以下 ,植被生长在由玄武岩构成的平缓台地上,气候温和湿润 ,林下发育着较好的山地暗棕色森林土,植物种类极为丰富,藤本植物十分繁茂,群落结构较为复杂,森林茂密,树干高大,以红松为主的常绿叶树和落叶阔叶混交的典型林带,整个林带群落外貌异常雄伟壮丽,不仅林木苍翠,碧绿葱茂,层次分明,而且植物种类繁多,野生动物的食料丰富,带内动物种类也较多,有虎、鹿、林蛙、细鳞鱼等都生长在这里。

针叶林景观带

针叶林是在海拔1,100—1,800米的玄武台地上的针阔混交林景观带的上部。地貌主要是由玄武岩所组成的倾斜熔岩高原,土壤为山地棕色春泰加林土。气候特点是冬季严寒,夏季凉爽,空气相对温度大。以红松、云杉、落叶松等针叶树为主,树高林密,四季常青。而地面倒木以至立木树木上伴着厚厚的苔藓,吸引着紫貂、棕熊等常年生息在这里。

岳桦林景观带

岳桦林景观在海拔1,800—2,000米之间,位于长白山火锥体下部,地面坡度陡峻,气温低,雨量丰沛,风力强大,蒸发量较小,相对湿度甚大,土层很薄,主要土类为山地生草森林土。岳桦林带是针叶林和山地苔原之间的过渡带,是山地苔原和森林成分的特殊结合。岳桦林木稀疏 ,矮曲成丛生状态,矮曲和稀疏程度随海拔增高而增大,在上部呈匍匐状生长,根系发达 ,能适应高山严寒的气候 ,瘠薄的土壤和强风的吹袭。每年的7、8月间都吸引马鹿、黑熊、野猪、狍子等在此躲避酷暑。

高山苔原景观带

高山苔原带处于海拔2,000米以上的火山锥体中、上部。主要岩石为各种颜色的粗面岩,地表复盖着很厚的火山灰、火山砾、浮石等。地形多呈放射状分布的平缓岭脊及羊尾沟,气候严寒,湿度很大,几乎是天天降雨,也是我省风力最强 、风日最多的地区 。由于气候严酷,土壤瘠薄,植物分布由下而上逐渐稀疏,种类逐渐减少,高大的乔木已经绝迹,仅有矮小的灌木、多年生的草本、地衣、苔藓等腰三角形,形成了广阔的地毯式的苔原植被,构成了长白山特殊的景观类型。每年6、7月,苔原上百花争艳,万紫千红,灿烂夺目,宛如美丽的天然花园。在这里是山鼠兔、鸟类的生息地。

回答2:

长白山区内植物属长白山植物区系,生态系统比较完整,植物资源十分丰富。区内植被主要以红松阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、岳桦林、高山苔原等组成,并从下到上依次形成五个植被分布带,具有明显的垂直分布规律。

红松阔叶林带处于海拔1100米以下的玄武岩台地上。地势平缓,气候温湿,植物种类繁多.

针叶林带位于海拔1100——1700米的倾斜玄武岩高原上。气候冷湿,植物层次清晰,整齐高大。除针叶树之外,伴生有槭树、花楸等阔叶树,林下灌木、草木种类较针阔混交林带明显减少。

岳桦林带在海拔1700—2000米之间,占据火山锥体下部,坡度陡,气温低,降水多,湿度大,风力强,树木矮小弯曲。
该带代表树种是岳桦,伴有散生的长白落叶松、东北赤杨、花楸等。灌木以耐寒种类为主。

高山苔原带处于海拔2000米以上的火山锥体上部,气温低,湿度大。随着海拔的增高,植物逐渐稀疏,种类逐渐减少,生长期很短。该带植物矮小为匍匐状,根系肥大,花序大型,色彩鲜艳,为典型的苔原植被类型。

回答3:

依次分布着阔叶林带、针叶阔叶混交林带、针叶林带、岳桦林带和高山苔原带5个植被垂直带

回答4:

垂直变化

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