怎样比较氢键的强弱如:N-H...O与O-H...N

2025-04-07 09:40:51
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

氢键是指:氢原子与电负性的原子X共价结合时,共用的电子对强烈地偏向X的一边,使氢原子带有部分正电荷,能再与另一个电负性高而半径较小的原子Y结合,形成的X—H┅Y型的键.
电负性的原子的电负性越强,氢键越强.
电负性在周期表内的递变规律:
1.随着原子序号的递增,元素的电负性呈现周期性变化.  2.同一周期,从左到右元素电负性递增,同一主族,自上而下元素电负性递减.对副族而言,同族元素的电负性也大体呈现这种变化趋势.因此,电负性大得元素集中在元素周期表的右上角,电负性小的元素集中在左下角.  3.非金属元素的电负性越大,非金属元素越活泼,金属元素的电负性越小,金属元素越活泼.氟的电负性最大(4.0),是最活泼的非金属元素;钫是电负性最小的元素(0.7),是最活泼的金属元素.  4.过渡元素的电负性值无明显规律

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